The Chemical Cellular and Tissue Levels of Organization
The most fundamental level of organization in all organisms is the cellular level. Inarguably, a cell is the basic unit of life. Levels of cellular organizations are essentially the components of a cell. The first level is a cell membrane and cell wall. While all cells have cell membranes, not all have cell walls. Cell walls are common in plants and bacteria while lacking in animals. Notably, a cell membrane happens to be partially permeable to allow the entry and exit of substances. The second component is the nucleus, which is basically the cell’s control center and where nucleic acids, DNA, and RNA are located (Krishnamurthy & Bahadur, 2015). Notably, nuclei are only found in cells of eukaryotic organisms, while they are found in cells of prokaryotic organisms.
The third component is ribosomes, where protein formation takes place. The fourth component of a cell is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which consists of two types: smooth ER and rough ER. The ERs are involved in protein synthesis and transport. Ribosomes are attached to the surface of the rough ER, giving it a rough exterior, hence the name (Krishnamurthy & Bahadur, 2015). The other component is mitochondria, also known as the cell’s powerhouse, because it forms ATP, the energy used by all organisms (McBride, Neuspiel, & Wasiak, 2006). Another crucial component in the cellular organization is the cytoplasm, a jelly-like substance inside the cell where all the other cell organelles float around. The last cellular components are lysosomes, which contain hydrolytic enzymes that are used to break down biological polymers.
To help me master this material, I used a few articles, including Krishnamurthy & Bahadur (2015) and McBride, Neuspiel, & Wasiak (2006), as cited throughout this discussion.
References
Krishnamurthy, K. V., & Bahadur, B. (2015). Organization at the Cellular Level. Plant Biology and Biotechnology: Volume I: Plant Diversity, Organization, Function and Improvement, 35-71.
McBride, H. M., Neuspiel, M., & Wasiak, S. (2006). Mitochondria: more than just a powerhouse. Current biology, 16(14), R551-R560.
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The Chemical, Cellular, and Tissue Levels of Organization
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