Social Disorganization Theory
Social Disorganization Theory is a theory meant to describe how deviance and crime evolve in social areas such as neighborhoods, countries, cities, or countries (Inderbitzin, Bates & Gainey, n.d.). The theory was developed by the Chicago school. It suggests that place matters where individual life may determine the chances of them being involved in criminal activities compared to the individual’s characteristics such as age, gender, or race. Hence, this explains why some neighborhoods experience little to no crime or deviance while others suffer from high rates of crime. Notably, this theory is used when exploring adolescent crime rates.
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Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay invented the Social Disorganization Theory in the year 1942 with the aim of preventing and controlling crime (Warner, Beck, & Ohmer, 2010). Historical researchers discovered that social disorganization occurred during the World War, and this caused immigrants to run to the United States hoping to find jobs. However, the country was biased, and immigrants did not get jobs until workplaces were in eager need of workers. Do you need urgent assignment help ? Our homework help will save you tons of energy and time required for your homework paper.
However, the social disorganization theory did undergo empirical tests, one of them being how Sampson and Grove, in 1989, argued that behavior control was determined by family status, neighborhood, and economic status in that when a family or neighborhood has low economic status, racial heterogeneity, and residential mobility the possibility of unsupervised adolescents committing crime increases. Veysey and Messner also tested the theory using statistics and discovered that other than unsupervised teens and sparse friendships, the behavior of crime commitment was not fully determined by this theory but also the differential association theory (Inderbitzin, Bates, & Gainey, n.d.).
In conclusion, the social disorganization theory was invented to reduce crime rates and focuses on how society and the environment influence people to commit crimes. It has also helped in discovering the causes of crime in certain neighborhoods, helping law enforcement policymakers know how to reduce the crime rates as well as forming crime prevention programs in these neighborhoods.
References
Inderbitzin, M., Bates, K., & Gainey, R. (n.d.). Deviance and social control.
Warner, B., Beck, E., & Ohmer, M. (2010). Linking informal social control and restorative justice: moving social disorganization theory beyond community policing. Contemporary Justice Review, 13(4), 355-369. doi: 10.1080/10282580.2010.517960
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Question 
Summarize Social Disorganization Theory and describe its development and evolution.
Social Disorganization Theory
Examine the empirical tests of Social Disorganization Theory.