PSYC 3002 – Week 5 Assignment – Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
The null hypothesis (Ho) for the scenario is: All means are equal. The hypothesis (Ho) implies that all therapies will equally treat anxiety levels. The alternate hypothesis (Ha) for the scenario would be: All means are not equal. The alternative hypothesis (Ha) represents that a relationship is present because the population mean represented by one of the sample means is different from the population mean represented by one other sample mean. The ANOVA is performed on a factor with k levels indicating there are as many populations means as there are levels (Heiman, 2015).
The factor for the scenario would be the different types of therapy being given. This means the dependent variable would be the anxiety score(s). The independent variable is also called a factor (Heiman, 2015). The dependent variable is the effectiveness of the therapies in reducing anxiety levels. The dependent variable measures a behavior or attribute expected to be influenced by the independent variable (Heiman, 2015).
Factor levels include: 1) Behavioral, 2) Cognitive, 3) Biofeedback, 4)
The degrees of freedom between groups are calculated by subtracting the number of factors -1, which would be 4-1=3. The df between groups equals k-1, k is the number of levels in the factor (Heiman, 2015).
PSYC 3002 – Week 5 Assignment – Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
The df within groups equals N-K, N is the total N in the experiment (Heiman, 2015). K is the number of levels in the factor (Heiman, 2015). The df is calculated by subtracting the total (N) in the experiment from the number of levels in the experiment as follows: N is 20, and K is 4, so df = 20-4=16 (Heiman, 2015).
The F value obtained using SPSS is 821
The value obtained using SPSS is .014
In the scenario, F is significant because the p-value is smaller than the 0.05 level of significance. When F is significant somewhere among the means, at least 2 or more of them differ significantly (Heiman, 2015). Since the p-value is less than the level of 05 significance, we reject the null hypothesis.
The F statistic cannot indicate which specific means differ significantly (Heiman, 2015). Using one-way ANOVA, psychologists cannot conclude the relationship between the different types of therapy and Researchers can conclude that there is a difference in anxiety scores using different methods.
PSYC 3002 – Week 5 Assignment – Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
The psychologist should conduct a post hoc test because the ANOVA results were The post hoc test is used to determine which means differ significantly from each other and is also used to compare all pairs of means from a factor, one pair at a time (Heiman, 2015). The post hoc results show a p-value of 0.011 between groups 2-3, which is less than the level of significance. Psychologists can conclude that treatments 2 and 3 are significantly different. Results show that biofeedback reduces anxiety levels significantly from cognitive therapy.
References
Heiman, G. (2015) Behavioral Sciences STAT (2nd ed.) Stamford, CT: Cengage.
Laureate Education (Producer). (2015h). One-way ANOVA [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author. Laureate Education (Producer). (2015r). Two-way ANOVA [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.
Laureate Education (Producer). (2013). SPSS Tutorial: Computing ANOVAs and post hoc testing [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.
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