Problem Significance and Review of Literature Assignment
Acute postoperative pain remains a clinical challenge as it occurs in approximately 80% of patients, and about 20% report severe levels of pain within the first 24 hours after surgery, as indicated by Small and Laycock (2020). Presently, with improved strategies for managing pain, the aspect of poorly managed postoperative pain remains a concern in the practice setting. This ongoing problem requires appropriate pain management interventions to help patients have better results, fewer hospital stays, and increased patient satisfaction (Akbar et al., 2019). It is for this reason that pain management is such a critically important issue, as poor pain control can result in longer hospital stays, a higher incidence of complications, and the development of chronic pain (Hyland et al., 2023).
Problem Statement
Persistent pain is a common problem found in many surgical patients, especially the patients who underwent major surgeries like orthopedic, abdominal, and thoracic surgeries. Concerns show that approximately 40% of the patients suffer from moderate to severe pain after the operation that hinders their healing process and well-being as argued by Park et al. (2023). More specifically, the target population for the current study consists of adult surgical patients treated in urban hospitals, for whom pain management can be heterogeneous across facilities. This is not just a patient satisfaction issue but a public health concern due to the risks of opioid dependency and the overall cost to society. For increased patient satisfaction, decreased healthcare expenses, and prevention of chronic pain conditions, adequate pain control is vital (Becerra-Bolaños et al., 2023).
Significance of the Study to Nursing
The relevance of this research to the nursing profession is based on its ability to identify deficiencies in the best practices for pain management and enhance patient care. In the study by Mahama and Ninnoni (2019), nursing staff are actively involved in the assessment and monitoring of postoperative pain, giving of analgesics, and handling of non-pharmacological measures. As reviewed from the literature, inadequate pain relief has been linked to adverse effects such as longer healing time, increased incidence of complications, and extended hospital stay (Hyland et al., 2023). Therefore, it is possible to identify and apply the enhancement of productivity in the use of pain management strategies to enhance the quality of patient care, reduce the incidence of chronic pain, and improve patient satisfaction among nurses. Furthermore, the outcome of this study could be useful in informing changes in policies and practices that can facilitate better pain management processes to implement efficient pain control mechanisms that are patient-centered.
Literature Review and Synthesis
A literature survey revealed that various techniques have been used in the management of postoperative pain, including multimodal analgesia, psychological therapies, and patient information. These strategies embrace all the dimensions of pain and provide a conceptual map for postoperative care.
Multimodal Analgesia
The use of multiple modalities of analgesics has been thought to have superior pain relief, decreased opioid consumption, and faster patient’ rehabilitation (Jain et al., 2023). This approach blocks several pain pathways and provides better analgesia with fewer adverse effects than high-dose opioids. For example, a recent study indicated that postoperative multimodal analgesia reduces the recovery time and enhances patients’ satisfaction compared to the monoidal therapy of pain (Hinther et al., 2021).
Psychological Interventions
Psychological factors play a very crucial role in pain experience and management. CBT and MBSR have assisted in improving patients’ pain self-efficacy and decreasing pain intensity as concluded by Pardos-Gascón et al. (2021). These interventions help in the care of patients by addressing the emotional and psychological aspects of patients who were operated on. According to Darnall (2021), patients who receive psychological care are likely to have reduced pain levels and better overall outcomes.
Patient Education
Patients must be educated about the methods of pain management and their results after surgery to improve postoperative outcomes (Nasir & Ahmed, 2020). The patients who received education before their surgery regarding topics like pain management, pain relievers, and adherence to prescribed prescription medications have demonstrated significantly lesser levels of pain and higher levels of satisfaction (Darville-Beneby et al., 2023). Bhattad and Pacifico (2022) opined that education enables the patient to participate in the treatment process and to adhere to therapy, thereby improving the management of pain.
Summary of Literature Synthesis
In the literature review, the author also identifies the effectiveness of multimodal analgesia, psychological therapies, and patients’ education in the management of postoperative pain. The strategies described above act on the biological, psychological, and social aspects of pain so that a patient gets comprehensive care. However, further investigations are required to refine these approaches and to ascertain that they are used appropriately in practice. Therefore, closing those gaps could lead to improved management of postoperative pain and the quality of life of the patients.
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of multifaceted pain relief and psychological interventions in addressing postoperative pain in adult surgical patients. The hope lies in applying useful knowledge to enhance patient care by identifying what is best to implement in addressing patients’ pain.
Research Question
Does the use of multimodal analgesia and psychological interventions affect postoperative pain in adult surgical patients as compared with routine analgesia?
Conclusion
An efficient approach toward the management of postoperative pain is vital for improving the patients and even the entire healthcare system. Postoperative pain can be effectively managed through the application of multimodal analgesia, psychological interventions, and educating the patient. The purpose of this research is to advance the understanding of pain management and offer recommendations for enhancing its implementation in healthcare organizations.
References
Akbar, N., Teo, S. P., Artini Hj-Abdul-Rahman, H. N., Hj-Husaini, H. A., & Venkatasalu, M. R. (2019). Barriers and Solutions for Improving Pain Management Practices in Acute Hospital Settings: Perspectives of Healthcare Practitioners for a Pain-Free Hospital Initiative. Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research, 23(4). https://doi.org/10.4235/agmr.19.0037
Becerra-Bolaños, Á., Armas-Domínguez, A., Valencia, L., Jiménez-Marrero, P., López-Ruiz, S., & Rodríguez-Pérez, A. (2023). Pain Prevalence and Satisfaction with Pain Management in Inpatients: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare, 11(24), 3191. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11243191
Bhattad, P. B., & Pacifico, L. (2022). Empowering patients: Promoting Patient Education and Health Literacy. Cureus, 14(7). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.27336
Darnall, B. D. (2021). Psychological Treatment for Chronic Pain: Improving Access and Integration. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 22(2), 45–51. https://doi.org/10.1177/15291006211033612
Darville-Beneby, R., Lomanowska, A. M., Yu, H., Jobin, P., Rosenbloom, B. N., Gabriel, G., Daudt, H., Negraeff, M., Tania Di Renna, Hudspith, M., & Clarke, H. (2023). The impact of preoperative patient education on postoperative pain, opioid use, and psychological outcomes: A narrative review. Canadian Journal of Pain, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/24740527.2023.2266751
Hinther, A., Nakoneshny, S. C., Chandarana, S. P., Matthews, T. W., Hart, R., Schrag, C., Matthews, J., McKenzie, C. D., Fick, G. H., & Dort, J. C. (2021). Efficacy of Multimodal Analgesia for Postoperative Pain Management in Head and Neck Cancer Patients. Cancers, 13(6), 1266. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13061266
Hyland, S. J., Wetshtein, A. M., Grable, S. J., & Jackson, M. P. (2023). Acute Pain Management Pearls: A Focused Review for the Hospital Clinician. Healthcare, 11(1), 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010034
Jain, Y., Lanjewar, R., Lamture, Y., & Bawiskar, D. (2023). Evaluation of Different Approaches for Pain Management in Postoperative General Surgery Patients: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus, 15(11), e48573. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.48573
Mahama, F., & Ninnoni, J. P. K. (2019). Assessment and Management of Postoperative Pain among Nurses at a Resource-Constraint Teaching Hospital in Ghana. Nursing Research and Practice, 2019(9091467), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9091467
Nasir, M., & Ahmed, A. (2020). Knowledge About Postoperative Pain and Its Management in Surgical Patients. Cureus, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.6685
Pardos-Gascón, E. M., Narambuena, L., Leal-Costa, C., Ramos-Morcillo, A. J., Ruzafa-Martínez, M., & van-der Hofstadt Román, C. J. (2021). Psychological Therapy in Chronic Pain: Differential Efficacy between Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(16), 3544. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163544
Park, R., Mohiuddin, M., Arellano, R., Pogatzki-Zahn, E., Klar, G., & Gilron, I. (2023). Prevalence of postoperative pain after hospital discharge: systematic review and meta-analysis. Prevalence of Postoperative Pain after Hospital Discharge: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, 8(3), e1075–e1075. https://doi.org/10.1097/pr9.0000000000001075
Small, C., & Laycock, H. (2020). Acute postoperative pain management. British Journal of Surgery, 107(2), 70–80. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.11477
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Question 
This assignment will help you in developing your Bare Bones Research Proposal further. You will use the evidence that you began identifying in your Problem Identification and PICOT Assignment and build on it in this assignment. In this paper, you are providing evidence/statistics that support that your topic is a problem in clinical practice, establishing the significance of the nursing problem, and reviewing and synthesizing current literature about your topic. Use the following headings to develop APA headings for your paper. Include the following information in each section.
Problem Significance and Review of Literature Assignment
Introduction: Begin with a broad introduction to the topic that grabs the reader’s attention. Typically present broad statistical background on the issue. Nearly every sentence should be referenced.
Problem Statement: Begin defining the problem here—include more detailed statistics—