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Patient, Family, or Population Health Problem Solution

Patient, Family, or Population Health Problem Solution

According to (Galvin et al., 2021), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease. The clinical course of AD consists of stages such as mild, moderate, and severe (Galvin et al., 2021). AD has a sociodemographic predilection (Galvin et al., 2021). It is common in African Americans and people aged 60 years and above (Galvin et al., 2021). Approximately 5.9 million Americans have been diagnosed with the disease (CDC, n.d.). This paper proposes an intervention plan for a patient with AD.

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The Role of Leadership and Change Management

Leadership and change management plays a key role in the formulation of interventions. Change management involves the establishment of strategies to enable an organization to implement modifications or reforms in its processes (Tang, 2019). Leaders facilitate change management by incorporating both leadership and change management techniques. I embraced various leadership and change management strategies to formulate my intervention. They include formulation of goals and objectives, open communication, planning, patient engagement, and evaluation (Tang, 2019).

The formulation of goals and objectives enabled me to establish the mission and vision of the intervention. Additionally, it enabled me to develop the best intervention that addresses the patient’s needs. Open communication enabled me to inform the patient and her family about my intervention. This communication was also significant in building a rapport with the patient and facilitated patient and family engagement. Patient and family engagement helped to recognize and respect the patient’s perspectives. By so doing, I developed a patient-centered intervention. The strategy of evaluation will be enforced after implementing my intervention. Periodic evaluation will enable me to establish the impact of the intervention and the need for modification.

Nursing ethics guided the formulation of my intervention. Examples of nursing ethics include justice, non-maleficence, autonomy, and beneficence. The principle of autonomy recognizes the role of the patient in the decision-making process (McDermott-Levy et al., 2018). In addition, I embraced patient engagement and respected the perspectives and beliefs of the patient and her family. Further, the principle of justice advocates for equality in discharging healthcare services (McDermott-Levy et al., 2018). I did not discriminate against the patient and her family during our interaction. Beneficence and non-maleficence direct nurses to engage in practices that promote the well-being of the patient (McDermott-Levy et al., 2018). I developed an evidence-based intervention to increase patient safety.

Strategies for Communicating and Collaborating

The patient is a 68-year-old African-American female with Alzheimer’s Disease. The patient reports that she was diagnosed with AD when she was aged 60 years. She has been on medication for the past seven years. Currently, the patient presents with confusion, restlessness, difficulty remaining attentive, and difficulty with language. Her ability to organize thoughts and think logically is preserved. Her manifestations are indicators of moderate AD.

Patient and family engagement is important in the management of AD. It enables nurses and other healthcare providers to recognize and respect the perspectives and beliefs of the patient. Additionally, patient engagement creates a rapport and enables healthcare practitioners to understand the needs of the patients. By so doing, holistic care is achieved. Holistic care addresses the patient as a whole. The patient has physical, emotional, cultural, religious, and psychological needs (Frisch & Rabinowitsch, 2019). These needs should be fulfilled to promote the patient’s overall well-being.

Effective communication and collaboration promote harmony in the management of AD and are associated with better patient outcomes. According to Gayle (2019), therapeutic communication can be used to achieve open communication and collaboration with the patient. Therapeutic communication entails the appropriate use of verbal and nonverbal communication cues (Gaylle, 2019). It helps to establish a rapport with the patient, creates an environment of trust, and increases the quality of patient feedback (Gaylle, 2019). Furthermore, therapeutic communication helps to relieve the psychological tension of the patient and creates a relaxed environment to promote effective interaction (Gaylle, 2019).

Gayle (2019) reports that therapeutic communication techniques include proper turn-taking, active listening, embracing empathy, paraphrasing, summarizing, and confrontation. Proper turn-taking avoids interruptions and ensures that all details are captured (Gaylle, 2019). Active listening demonstrates that the healthcare practitioner is interested in the patient’s case and increases the likelihood of collaboration (Gaylle, 2019). Paraphrasing and summarizing demonstrate that the patient has been heard and understood (Gaylle, 2019). Confrontation helps to seek clarification and check the accuracy of the patient’s details. Further, empathy entails sharing patients’ feelings (Gaylle, 2019). Notably, these techniques make the patient recognize their importance in the clinical decision-making process and promote communication and collaboration (Gaylle, 2019).

How Governmental Policies Guided the Development of the Proposed Intervention

The HIPAA and the American Nurse Association guided the formulation of my intervention. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) provides guidelines to promote the effective use of health technology (Moore & Frye, 2019). The HIPAA advocates for privacy, confidentiality, and security when transmitting protected health information electronically (Moore & Frye, 2019). Protected health information includes biodata, presenting complaint, diagnosis, treatment plan, medication history, and history of presenting complaint (Moore & Frye, 2019).

The American Nurse Association (ANA) provides standards and policy guidelines that promote care coordination for all patients. ANA emphasizes the nursing process, cultural sensitivity, nursing ethics, and collaboration (ANA, n.d.). Cultural sensitivity promotes the recognition and respect of other people’s beliefs. By so doing, it increases access to care (ANA, n.d.). The nursing process enables the nurse to develop patient-centered care plans and conduct periodic evaluations.

My intervention entails using telehealth to promote medication adherence and lifestyle modification for patients with AD. This intervention is formulated to fulfill the provisions of HIPAA and the ANA. Telehealth technology, such as mobile health helps to improve medication adherence using features such as reminders, alarms, and messages (Maresova et al., 2018). Wearable devices facilitate remote patient monitoring, whereas video conferencing allows real-time interactions with patients (Maresova et al., 2018). Lifestyle modifications for people with AD include physical activity and dietary modification. Caprylidene is an example of a nutritional supplement for people with AD (Galvin et al., 2021). Physical activity minimizes the rate of brain atrophy and maintains hippocampal volume (Galvin et al., 2021). Additionally, exercise improves cardiorespiratory activity and averts comorbidities such as hypertension (Galvin et al., 2021). Medication adherence is associated with a good prognosis for patients with AD (Galvin et al., 2021).

Proposed Intervention and the Quality of Care, Patient Safety, Costs

My intervention entails using telehealth to promote medication adherence and lifestyle modification for a patient with AD. Telehealth technology helps to improve care coordination for patients with AD. This is accomplished via remote patient monitoring and flexibility in the access to healthcare services (Maresova et al., 2018). Telehealth improves medication adherence using mobile health features such as messages, reminders, and alarms (Maresova et al., 2018). Medication adherence is associated with a good prognosis of AD, hence patient safety (Galvin et al., 2021). Telehealth technology features such as audio and videoconferencing allow real-time interaction with the patient (Maresova et al., 2018). Healthcare practitioners make timely interventions and prevent the deterioration of the patient’s condition.

Maresova et al. (2018) report that telehealth technological features such as wearable devices and sensors allow healthcare practitioners to monitor the patient’s routine, including physical activity, sleep, and diet. Physical activity is useful for patients with mild to moderate AD because it prevents brain atrophy (Galvin et al., 2021). Medication adherence and lifestyle modification are associated with a good prognosis of AD (Galvin et al., 2021). This reduces the incidences of hospitalizations due to AD-related complications. By so doing, patients’ costs of managing AD are lowered.

Sources of Benchmark Data on Care Quality, Patient Safety, and Costs

The Alzheimer’s Association provides benchmark data on the quality of care, patient safety, and costs in the management of AD. This is accomplished via annual reports. The scope of the reports is the prevalence of AD in each state and nationally, the sociodemographic distributions of the prevalence of AD, mortalities related to AD, national costs in the management of AD, and public awareness (Alzheimer’s Association, n.d.).

Technology, Care Coordination, and the Utilization of Community Resources

According to Maresova et al. (2018), telehealth technology using mobile health, videoconferencing, wearable devices, and sensors can be used to manage AD. Mobile health provides features such as reminders and alarms that help to improve medication adherence (Maresova et al., 2018). Wearable devices and sensors enable healthcare practitioners to monitor the patient periodically (Maresova et al., 2018). Videoconferencing provides real-time patient interaction and facilitates timely interventions (Maresova et al., 2018).

Care coordination is accomplished by members of the interdisciplinary team. Nurses are involved in patient education, medication administration, and the development of nursing care plans (Schmutz et al., 2019). Physicians are involved in patient diagnosis, whereas pharmacists educate patients and their families on appropriate medication use (Schmutz et al., 2019). Dieticians educate patients and their families on nutritional modification (Schmutz et al., 2019). The Alzheimer’s Association provides community resources to patients with AD. These resources include community support groups and educational programs (Alzheimer’s Association, n.d.).

References

Alzheimer’s Association. (n.d.). Alzheimer’s Disease & Dementia Help. https://www.alz.org/

American Nurse Association. (n.d.). Scope of practice defined in nursing. https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/scope-of-practice/

CDC. (n.d.). What is Alzheimer’s Disease? https://www.cdc.gov/aging/aginginfo/alzheimers.htm#:~:text=Alzheimer's%20disease %20 is%20 the%20most,thought%2C%20memory%2C%20and%20language.

Frisch, N. C., & Rabinowitsch, D. (2019). What’s in a Definition? Holistic Nursing, Integrative Health Care, and Integrative Nursing: Report of an Integrated Literature Review. Journal of Holistic Nursing, 37(3), 260–272. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898010119860685

Galvin, J. E., Aisen, P., Langbaum, J. B., Rodriguez, E., Sabbagh, M., Stefanacci, R., Stern, R. A., Vassey, E. A., de Wilde, A., West, N., & Rubino, I. (2021). Early Stages of Alzheimer’s Disease: Evolving the Care Team for Optimal Patient Management. Frontiers in Neurology, 11(January), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.592302

Gaylle, D. (2019). In-simulation Debriefing Increases Therapeutic Communication Skills. Nurse Educator, 44(6), 295–299. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNE.0000000000000643

Maresova, P., Tomsone, S., Lameski, P., Madureira, J., Mendes, A., Zdravevski, E., Chorbev, I., Trajkovik, V., Ellen, M., & Rodile, K. (2018). Technological Solutions for Older People with Alzheimer’s Disease: Review. Current Alzheimer Research, 15(10), 975–983. https://doi.org/10.2174/1567205015666180427124547

McDermott-Levy, R., Leffers, J., & Mayaka, J. (2018). Ethical Principles and Guidelines of Global Health Nursing Practice. Nursing Outlook, 66(5), 473–481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2018.06.013

Moore, W., & Frye, S. (2019). Review of HIPAA, Part 1: History, protected health information, and privacy and security rules. Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology, 47(4), 269–272. https://doi.org/10.2967/JNMT.119.227819

Schmutz, J. B., Meier, L. L., & Manser, T. (2019). How effective is teamwork really? The relationship between teamwork and performance in healthcare teams: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open, 9(9), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028280

Tang, K. N. (2019). Leadership and Change Management. Springer Singapore. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-981-13-8902-3?noAccess=true

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Patient, Family, or Population Health Problem Solution

Patient, Family, or Population Health Problem Solution

The topic patient should be the same as my assessment 1, 2, and 3 that I ordered from here, as this is a Capstone Project from Capella University. Thank you.

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