Nursing-Classifying Drugs
Classifying Drugs Template
Drug | Generic Name | Classification | Clinical Usage | Adverse Effects |
Atropine | Atropine Sulfate | Therapeutically as an antiarrhythmic and pharmacologically as an anticholinergic-anti-muscarinic | Used to reduce respirator and oral secretions.
Used in treating heart block and sinus bradycardia. Use in the management of irritable bowel syndrome and peptic ulcer. Used in the treatment of bronchospasm induced by exercise. Used in the treatment of anticholinesterase such as organophosphate pesticide poisoning. |
Central nervous system: confusion, drowsiness and hyperpyrexia.
Respiratory effects such as pulmonary edema and tachypnea. Cardiovascular effects such as arrhythmias, tachycardia, and palpitations. Ear, eye, nose, and Throat effects such as mydriasis, blurred vision, dry eyes, cycloplegia, and photophobia. Other effects such as flushing. |
Dexamethasone | Dexamethasone | Therapeutically as a corticosteroid. | Used in treatment and management of chronic conditions such as inflammatory diseases, allergic reactions, hematological conditions, endocrine disorders, autoimmune conditions, and dermatological conditions.
Used to manage cerebral edema. Used in diagnosing adrenal disorders. |
Central nervous system: insomnia, restlessness, headache, euphoria, personality changes, depression, hallucinations, and psychoses.
Gastrointestinal tract: peptic ulcer, vomiting, nausea, increased appetite.
Dermatological: petechiae, acne, ecchymosis, decreased wound healing, and hirsutism. Hematologic: thrombophlebitis and thromboembolism. Endocrine: hyperglycemia and adrenal insufficiency and suppression. Electrolyte and Fluid balance: alkalosis, amenorrhea, and hypokalemia. Musculoskeletal: osteoporosis, muscle pain, muscle wasting, and necrosis of joints. Others: weight gain, buffalo hump, moon face appearance, and increased risk of infections. |
Adenosine | Adenosine | Therapeutically as an antiarrhythmic drug. | Used in converting paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia to a normal rhythm, especially when the vagal maneuvers have failed.
Also used to diagnose or assess defects of myocardial perfusion which occur due to coronary artery disease. |
Central nervous system: light-headedness, dizziness, and headache.
Respiratory: hyperventilation, shortness of breath, and pressure in the chest. Cardiovascular: palpitations, hypotension, facial flushing, arrhythmias. Dermatological: sweating and burning sensation. Musculoskeletal: back and neck pain. |
Neo-Synephrine | Phenylephrine | Therapeutically as a vasopressor and pharmacologically as an adrenergic-alpha adrenergic agonist and vasopressor. | Used in managing hypotension associated with shock, which occurs even after fluid replacement.
Used to manage hypotension associated with anesthesia. In anesthesia, it is used to localize the effect of local anesthesia and to prolong the duration of spinal anesthesia. |
Neurological: Tremors.
Central nervous system: trembling, dizziness, insomnia, anxiety, restlessness and anxiety. Cardiovascular: vasoconstriction, bradycardia, hypertension, and arrhythmias. Dermatological: Sweating, pallor, and blanching. Hematologic: Phlebitis. |
Epinephrine | Epinephrine | Therapeutically as an asthmatic, a bronchodilator, and a vasopressor.
Pharmacologically, as an adrenergic. |
Administered through inhalation or intravenously to reverse the narrowing of the airway due to COPD or asthma.
Administered intravenously or intramuscularly to manage allergic reactions that are severe. Used to manage croup and upper airway obstruction. Used in the management of cardiac arrest. In the theatre, it is used to prolong anesthesia. |
Central nervous system: headache, nervousness, insomnia, tremors, and restlessness.
Cardiovascular: Hypertension, angina, tachycardia, and arrhythmias. Respiratory: paradoxical bronchospasms where a person uses inhalers in excess. Gastrointestinal tract: vomiting and Nausea. Endocrine: high blood glucose levels. |
Lanoxin | Digoxin | Therapeutically as an antiarrhythmic and as an inotropic.
Pharmacologically, as a digitalis glycoside |
Used in the management of heart failure.
Management of atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation. Used to manage paroxysmal atrial tachycardia. |
Central nervous system: Headache and fatigue.
Cardiovascular: Bradycardia, SA block, AV block, changes in the ECG, and arrhythmias. Eye: green or yellow vision and blurred vision. Hematologic: Thrombocytopenia. Others: electrolyte imbalance due to acute toxicity. |
Benadryl | Diphenhydramine |
Therapeutically, it is an antihistamine and an antitussive. | Used to treat and manage allergic signs and symptoms due to the release of histamine, for example, allergic rhinitis.
Used in managing Parkinson’s disease. Used as a mild nighttime sedation. Used in preventing motion sickness. |
Central nervous system: headache, drowsiness, paradoxical excitation and dizziness.
Gastrointestinal tract: constipation, nausea, anorexia, and dry mouth. Respiratory: wheezing, thick secretions from the bronchioles, and chest tightness. Cardiovascular: Palpitations and hypotension. Dermatological: photosensitivity. Others: Pain at the site of the intramuscular injection site. |
Glucagon | Glucagon | Therapeutically as a hormone and pharmacologically as a pancreatic | Management of hypoglycemia when glucose is administered is not effective.
Used to facilitate the examination of GIT during radiography. It may be used as an antidote to calcium channel blockers. |
Nausea, vomiting, hypotension, anaphylaxis reactions. |
Vasopressin | Vasopressin | Therapeutically as a hormone and pharmacologically as an antidiuretic hormone. | Used in the treatment and management of diabetes insipidus due to lack of enough antidiuretic hormone.
Used to manage GIT bleeding or hemorrhage.
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Central nervous system: Pounding sensation in the head, dizziness, chest pain, myocardial infarction.
Gastrointestinal tract: nausea, vomiting, heartburn, belching, flatulence and diarrhea. Dermatological: Sweating, paleness of the skin and mucous membranes, and allergic reaction Others: fever. |
Nitroglycerin | ||||
Dopamine | Dopamine | Therapeutically as an inotropic agent and as a vasopressor.
Pharmacologically, as an adrenergic |
Used to treat shock due to blood loss or bleeding and therefore, to improve blood pressure. The drug helps in the treatment and management of shock that does not respond to fluid replacement.
Used to improve blood pressure and increase renal perfusion when used in low doses.
|
Central Nervous System: Headache.
Eyes: Mydriasis. Respiratory: dyspnea. Cardiovascular: angina, hypotension, palpitations, changes in ECG, arrhythmias, and vasoconstriction. Gastrointestinal Tract: nausea, and vomiting. Dermatological: piloerection and irritation at the site of administration (IV) |
References
Laurent, S. (2017). Antihypertensive drugs. Pharmacological research, 124, 116-125.
Lei, M., Wu, L., Terrar, D. A., & Huang, C. L. H. (2018). Modernized classification of cardiac antiarrhythmic drugs. Circulation, 138(17), 1879-1896.
Patrick, G. (2019). Medicinal Chemistry: Instant Notes.
Yang, D., Ma, L., Niu, J., & Xu, M. (2019). Brief introduction for application of USA authorized generic drugs. Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, 28(6), 439.
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Question
Nursing-Classifying Drugs
Using the text and the Internet, such as the PDR website, classify each of the following drugs and include a generic name, if possible. Also, list the clinical usage of each and the adverse effects that could arise.
Use the Classifying Drugs Template when completing this assignment.
- Atropine
- Dexamethasone
- Adenosine
- Neo-Synephrine
- Epinephrine
- Lanoxin
- Benadryl
- Glucagon
- Vasopressin
- Nitroglycerin
- Dopamine
APA format is not required, but solid academic writing is expected.
Attachments
BIO316V.