Nursing Care in Reproductive Health and Subfertility
2020 National Health Goals Related to Reproductive Health and Sexuality that Nurses Can Help to Achieve
About 19 million individuals are diagnosed with sexually transmitted diseases annually in the US, and approximately half of them are young people between the ages of 15 and 24 (Healthy People 2020, 2020). Untreated STDs could result in serious long-term health consequences, particularly among young women and adolescent girls, including infertility and reproductive health problems, as well as cancer, perinatal, and fetal health problems. Reproductive and sexual health services are commonly the entry point of most people into the medical care system. Improving sexual and reproductive health is important for the elimination of health disparities, lessening rates of infertility and infectious diseases, and enhancing financial stability, career opportunities, and educational attainment. The goal of reproductive and sexual health, according to Healthy People 2020, is to make use of health services to prevent unintended pregnancies, prevent adolescent pregnancies, heighten treatment and detection of STDs, reduce infertility rates, slow HIV transmission through treatment and testing and detect health conditions at an early stage. Nurses can play an important role in providing reproductive and sexual health services.
Things a Nurse Would Assess Related to Reproductive Life Planning Needs
Some of the things that a nurse would assess in relation to reproductive life planning needs include the health literacy skills of the patient, cultural factors such as language and religion (Byrnes, 2014), sexual activity of the patient as well as such information as when the patient might want or whether they would want to get pregnant (Tyden et al., 2016). Other questions that could be asked relate to the number of children that the individual would like to have, the family planning method they intend to use, knowledge of the different available family planning methods, and their pros and cons (Tyden et al., 2016).
Examples of Autosomal Dominant Disorders and Their Chances of Occurrence
Autosomal dominant disorders are considered the most prevalent Mendelian cardiovascular genetic disorders. Some examples of autosomal dominant cardiovascular disorders include familial hypercholesterolemia, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), hereditary long QT syndrome (LQTS), and Marfan’s syndrome (MFS). Neurofibromatosis type 1 is also an example of an autosomal dominant disorder. In an autosomal dominant disease, if it happens that one gets the abnormal gene from only one of the parents, the probability of getting the disease is high, approximately 50 percent chance (US National Library of Medicine, 2021). The disease can also take place as a new condition in the child when both parents do not have the abnormal gene.
Nursing Diagnosis Related to Subfertility
Subfertility is when a couple is unable to make a child for a minimum of one year. Nurses need to conduct an assessment of tobacco, drug, and alcohol use, exposure to radiation treatment in past times, the couple’s sexual practices such as frequency and the possibility of failed ejaculations, current illnesses, particularly endocrine diseases, current reproductive system health, the use of present and past contraceptive measures, work habits and occupation, and assessment of whether there are any children from past relationships (Vera, 2017). Diagnosis for subfertility should include semen analysis, ovulation monitoring, sperm penetration assay, and tubal patency. Semen analysis is done to assess fertility problems, given that the male factor accounts for about 45 percent of infertility problems (Keel, 2019). A sperm penetration assay is performed to ascertain if the man’s sperm is able to reach an ovum and penetrate it effectively (Vera, 2017). Ovulation monitoring is the most inexpensive fertility test, and a defect in the luteal phase is usually diagnosed if the temperature rise fails to last for the approximated time. A tubal patency test is conducted to determine whether the woman’s fallopian tubes are open and disease-free.
References
Byrnes, L. (2014, March). Reproductive Life Plans: Perspectives of Women and Men of Childbearing Age. The American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing, 24(6):342.
Healthy People 2020. (2020). Reproductive and Sexual Health. Retrieved from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/leading-health-indicators/2020-lhi-topics/Reproductive-and-Sexual-Health
Keel, B. A. (2019). The semen analysis: An important diagnostic evaluation. Laboratory Medicine, 10(11), 686-688.
Tyden, T., Verbiest, S., van Achterberg, T.,& Stern, J. (2016). Using the Reproductive Life Plan in contraceptive counselling. Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. 121. 1-5. 10.1080/03009734.2016.1210267.
US National Library of Medicine. (2021). Autosomal Dominant. Medline. Retrieved from https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002049.htm
Vera, M. (2017). Subfertility. Nurseslabs. Retrieved from https://nurseslabs.com/subfertility/
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Question 
Nursing Care in Reproductive Health and Infertility
1 Discuss 2020 National Health Goals related to reproductive health and sexuality that nurses can help to achieve.
2 What are some things a nurse would assess related to reproductive life planning needs?
Nursing Care in Reproductive Health and Infertility
3 Give some examples of autosomal dominant disorders and their chances of occurrence.
4 List at least 2 nursing diagnoses related to subfertility.