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Milestone One – Analyzing Background Information and Test Results for Conceptualization

Maureen

Milestone One – Analyzing Background Information and Test Results for Conceptualization

Ms. Z is a 35-year-old African American woman with a medical history that includes severe depression and mood swings beginning at age 18. Her depressive symptoms remain unchanged even after being on antidepressant medication and having electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Presently working in an administrative capacity as an office manager, Ms. Z is considering going back to school to finish her four-year degree. Due to her psychological status, she was referred for an evaluation to get better recommendations about her education. Some of the assessment tools used during this evaluation were the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory – 2 (MMPI-2).

Problem Statement

The primary reason for this referral was to assess Ms. Z’s cognitive and psychological functioning. The WAIS-IV tool was chosen to evaluate her general intellectual functioning and get a comprehensive picture of her profile of abilities and disabilities. The MMPI-2 tool was administered to assess her personality profile and psychological functioning, which provided pertinent data regarding her mental status and contributed to diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making.

Test and Assessment Development Analysis: Test One – WAIS-IV

The WAIS-IV is an individually administered test that generally requires 60 to 90 minutes for administration (Abdelhamid et al., 2021). It consists of ten core subtests and five supplemental subtests, which are used to generate a Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ) score along with four index scores: vocabulary, reasoning, memory, and speed. It is important to note that these indices offer a means of evaluating various aspects of cognition.

The WAIS-IV test is based on a standardized population of 2,200 individuals aged from 16 through 90 years, so the norms are broadly appropriate, as indicated by Merz et al. (2019). This test produces a range of scores that are useful in identifying the full potential of a client cognitively and relevant for educational and vocational placement (Cicinelli et al., 2022).

As far as reliability is concerned, Watkins et al. (2021) point out that the WAIS-IV test has internal consistency coefficients for the FSIQ and index scores that range from 0.90. Cross-sectional evidence supports its validity because it measures the cognitive constructs effectively. Nevertheless, the results of achievement can be affected by cultural and educational backgrounds, and these effects cannot be ignored.

Ms. Z’s WAIS-IV results are as follows:

Test and Assessment Development Analysis: Test Two – MMPI-2

The MMPI-2 is a self-administered and self-scored inventory composed of 567 items answered in true-false format and usually requires 1-2 hours to complete (Floyd & Gupta, 2022). It diagnoses numerous psychological conditions and personalities through its clinical and content scales. It is standardized on a representative adult sample of 18 years and older, meaning that it can be used in several settings, including clinical, forensic, and research (Brown & Sellbom, 2019).

The MMPI-2 presents patient scores on several clinical scales that describe various psychological disorders like depression, hysteria, and paranoia and content scales that describe specific aspects of a patient’s personality, such as anxiety, low self-esteem, work interference, and so on (Sellbom, 2019). This information is essential for the evaluation of personality structure as well as psychological processes in a given person.

Concerning reliability, test-retest reliability coefficients for the clinical scales of the MMPI-2 are high, from 0. 70 to 0. 90, as noted by Alves (2022). The test is widely substantiated, and its efficacy is corroborated for different groups of patients. Nonetheless, cultural and socioeconomic variables often influence responses and must be taken into account properly.

Ms. Z’s MMPI-2 results are as follows:

References

Abdelhamid, G. S. M., Bassiouni, M. G. A., & Gómez-Benito, J. (2021). Assessing cognitive abilities using the WAIS-IV: An item response theory approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13), 6835. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136835

Alves, V. N. da S. (2022, October 20). Personality assessment in a forensic sample of parents: a study with the validity and clinical scales of MMPI-2. Estudogeral.uc.pt. https://estudogeral.uc.pt/handle/10316/104279

Brown, T. A., & Sellbom, M. (2019). The utility of the MMPI–2–RF validity scales in detecting underreporting. Journal of Personality Assessment, 102(1), 66–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2018.1539003

Cicinelli, G., Nobile, E., Brighenti, S., Bari, S., Tonella, E., Aresi, A., Attanasio, M., Mazza, M., Valenti, M., & Keller, R. (2022). Wechsler intelligence scale for adults – Fourth edition profiles of adults with autism spectrum disorder. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 31(23). https://doi.org/10.1017/s2045796022000506

Floyd, A. E., & Gupta, V. (2022, April 28). Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory. PubMed; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557525/

Merz, Z. C., Van Patten, R., Hurless, N., Grant, A., & McGrath, A. B. (2019). Furthering the understanding of Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale-fourth edition factor structure in a clinical sample. Applied Neuropsychology: Adult, 28(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/23279095.2019.1585351

Sellbom, M. (2019). The MMPI-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF): Assessment of personality and psychopathology in the twenty-first century. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 15(1), 149–177. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050718-095701

Watkins, M. W., Canivez, G. L., Dombrowski, S. C., McGill, R. J., Pritchard, A. E., Holingue, C. B., & Jacobson, L. A. (2021). Long-term stability of Wechsler Intelligence scale for children–Fifth edition scores in a clinical sample. Applied Neuropsychology: Child, 11(3), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2021.1875827

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Question 

prompt: For your final project, you have been tasked with developing a conceptualization of an individual based on background information and results from a few select tests.

Milestone One - Analyzing Background Information and Test Results for Conceptualization

Milestone One – Analyzing Background Information and Test Results for Conceptualization

To do so, you will examine research to understand the purpose of the chosen tests, why these tests were utilized, and how they helped to inform the overall understanding of the individual’s presenting problems. For Milestone One, you will work on the first two sections of your final project.

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