Measures to Prevent Cancer
Cancer lacks a true cause for its occurrence. We can almost state that it develops spontaneously due to many factors. Mrs. Smith’s lifestyle poses a high risk of getting cancer for various reasons, as discussed below.
Health Risks of Factors and Associated Cancer Types
Mrs Smith’s lifestyle exposes her to the risks of getting cancer. It is even wise for her to visit a cancer screening institution to be sure of her current body condition. Smoking exposes her to carcinogenic elements present in tobacco smoke, such as hydrogen cyanide, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, and radioactive elements such as polonium-210 (also present in tobacco cigars). Cigarette smoking is associated with cancer of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, larynx, cervix, and trachea. Apart from cancer, smoking also exposes her to lung diseases and heart failure. If all cancer develops in her, the stress from the job will propagate the growth of the cancer cells, making them replicate faster than usual.
According to Peck (2018), stress can speed up the spread of cancer throughout the body, especially ovarian, breast, and colorectal cancer. The chronic stress would weaken the immune system, making her more susceptible to other diseases. Mrs. Smith’s unhealthy lifestyle which includes a lack of healthy dieting and excess alcohol, exposes her to greater chances of developing cancer. Zhang F. et al. (2019) agree that the cancer burden associated with alcohol is about 4-6% of the total number recorded yearly. They also mention that excessive body weight is associated with unhealthy dieting, and eating excessive junk food is associated with 7-8% of cancer cases. Unhealthy eating and suboptimal dieting are associated with colorectal, kidney, uterine, stomach, mouth, pharynx, and larynx cancer. Excessive drinking is connected to liver, kidney, and colon cancer.
An extra reason why Mrs Smith might have a high chance of developing cancer is the fact that cancer exists in the family. Since her mother first had breast cancer, her chances of developing breast cancer are very high as it might be genetic. According to Price et al., 2018, inherited genetic mutations play a major role in about 5-10% of all cancers.
Reducing The Risks of Developing Cancer
Since cancer might be running in Mrs. Smith’s family, she needs to consider going for a genetic cancer checkup just to be sure of proper health. This will help her plan on health management, especially in the case where she finds herself on the
Smith needs to eat well and consider taking a balanced diet. Eating well also means limiting the consumption of processed foods due to the presence of preservatives in them, which might, at times, have carcinogenic characteristics. This will help cancel out the chances of her developing stomach, kidney, and colorectal cancer.
She should stop or at least reduce smoking to reduce the exposure of her lungs and other susceptible parts to tobacco smoke.
Alcohol intake should be reduced to avoid the chances of developing stomach, kidney, esophagus, pharynx and larynx
General Cancer Treatment
According to Mayo Clinic 2021, basic ways to prevent cancer development are through:
Eating healthy diets. This basically comprises carbohydrates, proteins, and enough vitamins. If drinking is involved, then it should only be in
Avoiding Smoking in itself has been associated with almost all available and known cancers of the body. This means smoking causes more harm than good to the body. Avoiding it is, therefore, the best thing to do to save the body from the chances of developing cancer.
Physical activities should be conducted to keep the body active and to watch overweight to reduce the chances of being obese and probably developing cancers associated with
To prevent developing skin cancers, one should avoid staying in the sun for a long time, especially during periods when the sun’s rays are very
Getting regular checkups also helps monitor the body and make important decisions about courses to take in cases of infections.
In conclusion, since cancer lacks a specific single causative reason for its development, it is important to consider all factors that might trigger its development and avoid them. This will help reduce the fatality rate of the deadly disease, therefore increasing the life expectancy for most adults in the US. People should embrace the Mediterranean diet of avoiding processed foods and fats and just consuming healthy food such as fruits and whole cereals.
References
Zhang, F. F., Cudhea, F., Shan Z., Michaud, D., Imamura, F., Eom, H., Ruan, M., Rehm, D., Liu, J., Du, M., Kim, D., Lizewski, L., Wilde, P., & Mozaffarian, D. 2019. Preventable cancer burden associated with dietary intake in the United States. JNCI Cancer Spectrum. DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djz079
Price, K. S., Svenson, A., King, E., Reddy, K., & Lazarin, G. A. (2018). Inherited cancer in the age of next-generation sequencing. Biological research for nursing, 20(2), 192-204.
Mayo Clinic staff, 2021 February 17. Adult health lifestyle. Mayo Clinic organization. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/in-depth/cancer-prevention/art- 20044816
Peck, A., Swann, R., McPhail, S., Witt, J., Shand, B., Abel, G. A., Hiom, S., … & National Cancer Diagnosis Audit Steering Group. (2018). Diagnosing cancer in primary care: results from the National Cancer Diagnosis Audit. British Journal of General Practice, 68(666), e63-e72.
Cardoso, F., Kyriakides, S., Ohno, S., Penault-Llorca, F., Poortmans, P., Rubio, I. T., … & Senkus, E. (2019). Early breast cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Annals of Oncology, 30(8), 1194-1220.
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Question 
Measures to Prevent Cancer
Written Assignment – write 2 page
Mrs. Smith is a 42-year-old woman with a smoking history of a pack per day for 20 years. She works at a high-stress job and does not have any children. Mrs. Smith states she tries to eat a healthy diet, but she has limited time and often turns to processed food for quick meals. She admits to consuming more than a moderate amount of alcohol. Mrs. Smith’s family history includes a mother who had breast cancer. Referring to this scenario, address the following in your initial post:
Measures to Prevent Cancer
· Identify Mrs. Smith’s risk factors and associated cancer types.
Describe ways Mrs. Smith can reduce her risk of cancer.
Explain general cancer prevention measures you would reinforce with all clients.
Standard American English (correct grammar, punctuation, etc.)
· Professional organization, style, and mechanics in APA format
APA format and in-text citation
3 References – must contain at least three professional references, published within the past 5 years