Levels of Prevention as Intervention
According to the Neuman Systems Model, there are three levels of prevention as intervention; primary prevention, secondary prevention, and tertiary prevention (Hannoodee & Dhamoon, 2021). From a psychological perspective, primary prevention occurs before the reaction to stressors. It includes health promotion and strengthening primary defences to maintain good health (Kisling & Das, 2021). Secondary prevention occurs after the stressors penetrate the primary defences (Baumann & Ylinen, 2020). It focuses on treating symptoms to reinforce defences and restore the patient’s system stability. The tertiary prevention level focuses on preventing the recurrence of the conditions by adopting holistic approaches to protect the patient against stressors (Hannoodee & Dhamoon, 2021).
Sally, after the diagnosis of Sam with psychosis and schizophrenia, provides him with appropriate interventions to help stabilize his condition. She monitors his compliance with medication and conducts therapy sessions to improve his response to the diagnosed conditions. Based on the Neuman Systems Model, Sally is using tertiary prevention as an intervention as she attempts to improve Sam’s ability to manage the already diagnosed psychological conditions and improve his health outcomes.
Nursing actions that present tertiary preventions as interventions include; a nurse developing a rehabilitation care plan for a patient who has had episodes of a stroke to help them recover from the case and prevent future stroke incidents, including a patient who is recovering from drug addiction in support groups and providing necessary support to help them throughout their rehabilitation process to ensure that they do not get back to drug use, supporting a diabetes patient by providing care services and health education to help them understand diabetes and best practice for self-care to improve their response to treatment, and initiating a rehabilitative program for a cardiovascular disease patient to help them manage the disease and improve their quality of life during the rehabilitation process.
References
Baumann, L. C., & Ylinen, A. (2020). Prevention: Primary, secondary, tertiary. In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine (pp. 1738-1740). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Hannoodee, S., & Dhamoon, A. S. (2021). Nursing Neuman Systems Model. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing.
Kisling, L. A., & Das, J. M. (2021). Prevention strategies. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing.
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Question 
Sally, a nurse for community mental health is caring for 3 clients today. First, she meets Sam. Sam has been admitted to a psychiatric unit with a diagnosis of psychosis and schizophrenia. Sally provides Sam with appropriate interventions to help stabilize his condition, monitors his compliance with medication and conducts therapy sessions.
Levels of Prevention as Intervention
1. Sally is using what level of prevention according to the Neuman Systems Model?
2. Give a few examples of nursing actions using Tertiary preventions as interventions