Level of Evidence
The level of evidence is a technique used to rank the relative strengths of any scientific research findings. Research results have been arranged hierarchically, with findings or methods with the most negligible bias at the top of the hierarchy, while those with a higher likelihood of systemic discrimination are at the bottom of the list. According to (Dang and Dearholt (2018), there are five levels of evidence designated levels (1-5). These levels are described below.
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Level 1. This level indicates evidence obtained from experimental studies, at least one randomized control trial, a systematic review of randomized control trials, or a meta-analysis of the randomized control trials. Level 1 evidence is the most bias-free evidence. They have been utilized in investigative research in nursing and any nursing research requiring zero interference by the test subjects.
Level 2. Quasi-experimental research. This is evidence obtained from a quasi-experimental research study. Evidence may also be obtained from systemic reviews of randomized control trials and quasi-experiments with or without meta-analysis. These study designs have been utilized in nursing research, such as nonequivalent control group design (Burns et al., 2017). Results obtainable from this level of evidence tend to be less specific than those obtained from randomized control trials.
Level 3. Evidence obtained from non-experimental studies. Evidence could also be obtained from systematic reviews of quasi-experimental and non-experimental—level 4. Evidence is obtained from the opinions of authorities that are respected or committees of experts in a specific field of study. These authorities must have received their reasonings from research findings (Burns et al., 2017). Such opinions are evident in consensus panels as well as clinical practice guidelines. Most of the clinical guidelines utilized in nursing practice are products of various boards or authorities and are most often subject to change upon revision or addition of fresh scientific evidence.
Level 5. This is evidence that is not drawn from any research. They are often obtained from literature reviews, case reports, opinions of experts, and quality program evaluations. These kinds of evidence have been utilized in nursing practice. Such tools as Standard operating procedures are obtainable from literature reviews (Glasofer & Townsend, 2021). Some treatment modalities and techniques can also be obtained from literature reviews.
The utilization of evidence-based medicine is critical in the quality delivery of health services. However, it depends on the knowledge of the level of evidence. Five levels of evidence exist. These levels are hierarchical, ranging from the most bias-free to the least bias-free.
References
Burns, P., Rohrich, R., & Chung, K. (2017). The Levels of Evidence and Their Role in Evidence-Based Medicine. Plastic And Reconstructive Surgery, 128(1), 305-310. https://doi.org/10.1097/prs.0b013e318219c171
Hunt, J. (2018). Johns Hopkins nursing evidence-based practice is Sandra L Dearholt and DeborahDang Sigma Theta Tau International£24.70 256pp 97819354767641935476769. Nursing Management, 19(7), 8-8. https://doi.org/10.7748/nm.19.7.8.s3
Glasofer, A., & Townsend, A. (2021). Determining the level of evidence. Nursing, 51(1), 60-63. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.nurse.0000697156.46992.b2
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Question 
Level of Evidence
Describe the “levels of evidence” and provide an example of the type of practice change that could result from each.