Interpersonal Interaction and Close Relationship
Life, at its very essence, presents with it an opportunity for human beings to explore experiences it presents and for them to live purposefully. Interpersonal interactions and relationships have long been perceived as a natural glue that brings individuals and communities together. While this remains abiding by most global populations, it seems to depart from the classical understanding of psychopaths’ thinking. Notwithstanding, the pursuit of a peaceful existence among individuals and communities has remained a global agenda for centuries. The dominance of individuals, communities, and countries’ engagement in coexistence in the geopolitical sphere continues to highlight how significant interpersonal interactions and close relationships are. They have been lauded for their significance in human wellness and remain a social determinant of health. This paper explores interpersonal interactions and close relationships. Get in touch with us at eminencepapers.com. We offer assignment help with high professionalism.
The Concept of Interpersonal Interactions and Close Relationships
Interpersonal interactions remain integral to adaptive experiences. Their establishment in the human’s evolutionary past is preceded by a period of human reliance and dependency on quality care from kin and is fully integrated into human emotional, cognitive, and neurological lives. Central to interpersonal interactions and close relationships are the intrinsic capabilities of a person to engage others. Wang et al. (2020) report that the perpetuation of close relationships and interpersonal interactions depends on the reciprocity of the partner’s commitment to keeping the relationship alive. A point of divergence exists between psychopathic brain functionalities, the research, and classical findings on what encourages or promotes human interactions and close relationships. The utter lack of empathy that characterizes psychopathic manifestations reveals their defiance of the basics of human interactions and the fabric that forms close relationships.
Literature Perspective
The callous-unemotional state is one of the major traits that predispose individuals to psychopathy. Cameron & Overall (2018) report the influence of emotions on interpersonal interactions and close relationships. Emotional regulations remain a determinant of close relationships. As Cameron & Overall (2018) note, the fabric that holds intimate relationships is centered on emotional balances between the involved parties. Despite being independent occurrences, emotional expression and suppression have a predilection on the outcome of the relationship and are likely to exert different inter- and intrapersonal experiences on all partners within the relationship. In any relationship, emotional suppression will surmount interpersonal costs with the involved party or parties likely to experience lower esteem, depressed mood, and fatigue. Interpersonal influences of depressed emotions are also likely to be seen in the poor acceptance of others (Cameron & Overall, 2018). This study details the significance of emotional regulation in an intimate relationship. Despite its effect on human interactions, emotional regulation seems not to apply to psychopaths. Their actions not only defy societal norms but also demonstrate the absence of emotional awareness. This paper details an important determinant of interpersonal interactions and its nexus to psychopathy. Addressing emotional dysregulation among psychopaths may provide a basis for minimizing their likelihood of committing deviant acts.
Communication is another important aspect of interpersonal interactions. Interpersonal communication involves the exchange or flow of information from one party to the other. It remains central in interpersonal interactions. Sillars & Vangelisti (2018) report that effective communication underpins all forms of human interactions. It is a tool that can be leveraged to exploit favorable outcomes for parties involved in any form of engagement. Communication enables all parties to express their thoughts and emotions and convey their intentions. This not only promotes transparency but also demonstrates the willingness of the involved parties to preserve the relationship. Communications may also provide a conflict-solving tool that may be valuable in preventing individuals from reacting disproportionately to aggression. Through communication, parties can resolve their differences, thereby preventing tension flare-ups that may lead to reactions considered psychopathic. According to these findings, communication is one of the underlying aspects of all interpersonal engagements and close relationships. It applies in all interactive contexts and has a bearing on the nurture effects of psychopathy. This means that communication can be leveraged to lessen the likelihood of individuals committing psychopathic acts.
With communication being singled out as one of the most important aspects of interpersonal communication and close relationships, a question may be asked about its effectiveness in cross-cultural interactions. Zegers & Auron (2022) note that cross-cultural interaction often presents specific communication difficulties centered on differences in various aspects of cultural upbringing. Perhaps one of the most important factors that come to play in cross-cultural communication is language. Language barrier remains a concern in cross-cultural communications. It impedes the flow of information and healthier binding relationships between affected individuals. The differences in the belief systems and norms across cultures also present yet another dynamic in interpersonal interactions. An individual’s beliefs will define how they interact with others, their use of various communication tools, and with whom they can freely talk (Zegers & Auron, 2022). While these seem normative to some individuals, they may be perceived as unfavorable to those with counter-views on interpersonal interactions. This point of difference may conceive an inflammatory wedge between individuals, forming a recipe for unwanted actions and behaviors. Per these reports, impediments to cross-cultural communications present a grey area in effective interpersonal interactions and close relationships. This reinforces the need to address cross-cultural communication processes as an enabler for interpersonal interactions and close relationships. Understanding these processes will promote harmonious interaction between individuals in mixed setups and encourage them to interact seamlessly and frequently with those who do not share similar opinions or beliefs as.
Cross-cultural communication processes are increasingly becoming a topic of concern in many workplaces across the globe. Schouten et al. (2020) note that the modernization of the global economic systems has presented an opportunity for workplaces to diversify their human capital. With this diversification comes the challenge of harmonizing communication processes for all. Best practices in cross-cultural communication have been centered on the use of a common language understandable to persons involved in the communication process. Research findings have revealed several measures effective in cross-cultural communications. These include using effective communication skills such as active listening and objectivity, non-verbal techniques, and in more formal contexts, using interpreters. Communication skills facilitate cross-cultural communications by ensuring that the information shared is received by the recipient as intended by the communicator. This casts doubts on the effectiveness of the conventional methods suggested by research in bridging challenges attributable to cross-cultural interactions. Furthermore, it leaves the question of how individuals can leverage their cultural differences in cross-cultural communications to promote the perpetuation of cross-cultural interpersonal interactions and close relationships.
Having a sense of cultural differences between individuals remains important in interpersonal interactions and close relationships. Ilie (2019) notes that perhaps the most underpinning aspect of cross-cultural communication is the individuals’ recognition of their cultural differences. Research findings on cultural competence reveal its positive influence on cultural tolerance and the perpetuity of cross-cultural relationships and interactions. Cultural competence is a multifaceted concept that encompasses an individual’s awareness of their culture and knowledge of varying cultural practices and worldviews. The overarching principle of cultural competence is the recognition of the cultural differences between individuals and the need to preserve humanity, even in those differences (Ilie, 2019). This implores individuals to understand that having different belief systems from theirs does not make one a lesser human being and that respecting those differences is the beauty of human existence. Cultural competence fosters interpersonal interactions and close relationships by eliminating barriers attributable to cultural differences. It helps minimize potential misunderstandings during communication processes, helps individuals communicate empathetically, and fosters an understanding of how others interpret some aspects of language. These findings reinforce the need for cultural competence in cross-cultural communications and detail their significance in bolstering interpersonal interactions and close relationships. They also affirm the significance of effective communication in maintaining close relationships.
Findings from these studies reveal best practices in interpersonal interactions and close relationships. Emotional regulation and communication are determining factors of interpersonal interactions and close relationships. Emotional regulation is central to intimate relationships and helps maintain such relationships. Effective communication is another aspect of interpersonal interactions that cuts across all contexts of relationships and interpersonal engagements. It is an important tool that can be leveraged where cultural differences exist and across all areas involving interpersonal engagements. As demographic diversification becomes clearer across global societies, individuals need to be knowledgeable on the determinants of interpersonal interactions and relationships for their social wellness.
A point of commonality exists in the studies analyzed. While they are bordered on aspects of human interactions and relationships, they reveal specific areas that are problematic to psychopaths. Literature on emotional regulations reveals the significance of emotional awareness in maintaining relationships and personal interactions. Literature on human communication also reinforces its role in fostering human interactions and relationships. Emotional regulation and effective communication continue to be underlining factors in the harmonious existence of human beings. They perpetuate interpersonal interactions and provide a basis for resolving human differences and conflicts. The absence of emotional regulation and effective communication between individuals may result in the conception of deviant acts as portrayed by psychopaths. As Gallup et al. (2021) note, the nurture influences of psychopathic attributes are shaped principally by environmental factors that feed psychopathic emotions rather than their neurological functionalities. This gives weight to the need to streamline how individuals with psychopathic predispositions communicate with others and regulate their emotions.
The literature on cross-cultural communications presents yet another source of societal differences. In the presence of diversity, one cultural group may feel sidelined or otherwise suppressed by another. The whites versus blacks debates that have recently been scattered across American societies are just a representation of how cultural diversification can draw a wedge within communities. A lack of cultural awareness may breed unwarranted or otherwise deviant behaviors in society. Such behaviors as targeted gun violence, hatred, and cyberbullying can be associated with psychopathic effects. In the presence of ever-present tensions on the same, psychopaths can ride on this wave to commit atrocities against unsuspecting persons. This reinforces the need to continuously encourage communities and individuals within communities to maintain cultural humility.
Personal interactions and relationships continue to be among the most important driving forces for social wellness. Their perpetuity depends on an individual’s ability to communicate with others and maintain an emotional presence. The psychopathic tendency towards destabilizing peaceful coexistence makes us question their ability to communicate effectively with others and regulate their emotions. Findings reveal the significance of emotional regulation and communication in fostering sound human interactions. Thus, individuals predisposed to psychopathic behaviors must be educated on the significance of emotional regulations and how to communicate effectively with those around them.
References
Cameron, L. D., & Overall, N. C. (2018). Suppression and expression as distinct emotion-regulation processes in daily interactions: Longitudinal and meta-analyses. Emotion, 18(4), 465–480. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000334
Ferguson, M. A. (2018). Building theory in public relations: Interorganizational Relationships as a public relations paradigm. Journal of Public Relations Research, 30(4), 164–178. https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726x.2018.1514810
Gallup, A. C., Kret, M. E., Eldakar, O. T., Folz, J., & Massen, J. J. (2021). People that score high on psychopathic traits are less likely to yawn contagiously. Scientific Reports, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-03159-1
Ilie, O.-A. (2019). Intercultural competence: Developing effective intercultural communication skills. International Conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION, 25(2), 264–268. https://doi.org/10.2478/kbo-2019-0092
Schouten, B. C., Cox, A., Duran, G., Kerremans, K., Banning, L. K., Lahdidioui, A., van den Muijsenbergh, M., Schinkel, S., Sungur, H., Suurmond, J., Zendedel, R., & Krystallidou, D. (2020). Mitigating language and cultural barriers in healthcare communication: Toward a holistic approach. Patient Education and Counseling, 103(12), 2604–2608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2020.05.001
Sillars, A. L., & Vangelisti, A. L. (2018). Communication. The Cambridge Handbook of Personal Relationships, 243–255. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781316417867.020
Wang, P. Y., Lin, P.-H., Lin, C. Y., Yang, S. Y., & Chen, K. L. (2020). Does interpersonal interaction improve emotion, sleep quality, and self-efficacy among junior college students? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12), 4542. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124542
Zegers, C., & Auron, M. (2022). Addressing the challenges of cross-cultural communication. Medical Clinics of North America, 106(4), 577–588. https://doi.org/10.1016/
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Question 
This week we look at Interpersonal interaction and close relationships.
The purpose of a literature review is to research and evaluate relevant sources of prior research on your topic, identify themes/ gaps in research, and synthesize identified information.
Interpersonal Interaction and Close Relationship
In 1,500 – 2,000 words, analyze, compare, and combine literature related to your identified topic. Be sure to identify the limitations of the studies done in past research.
Use at least five scholarly, peer-reviewed, or empirical studies sources, all from the past 5 to 7 years, to support your thinking.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
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