Interconnections in Nature- Insights from the Teleological Argument and Design Examples
According to Rooney 2013, teleological arguments seek to find and identify traces of an operation of a mind in the structures and behaviors in nature. Subsequently, the first premise for teleological arguments explains all forms of order in nature, including power, activities, and movement. Consequently, a single change in a system, the formal cause in terms of power, results in changes in the system’s motion, activity, and power, yielding the final casualties. The second premise involves the agent’s intelligence: “in every ordered series of ends, the ultimate end must be the end of all preceding ends” (Rooney, 2013). Subsequently, teleology is used to describe activities in nature, such as sea urchins.
The sea urchins attack orderly to display interconnection between objects and events (Army of Sea Urchins, 2008). The attack occurs on holdfasts torn off by the teeth of sea urchins; these teeth are self-sharpening and are replaced frequently to ensure efficiency. Subsequently, they tear over the large area creating urchin burrows. Teleology can be witnessed through the premises on final casualty from an order in nature. First, power is presented by the sea urchins that cause mass destruction through burrows; also, the sea urchins’ activities are destructive in nature due to the orderly attack. The motion and movement in the attack are precise and effective, leading to tears that eventually cause the burrows. Accordingly, the end is not determined by its power but by the activity itself.
Paley and other fans of the teleological argument would explain the activity of sea urchins in terms of order, power, and final casualty. Urchins possess power in nature, and the order in their attack leads to the final casualty involving mass destruction due to their tearing of holdfasts. An excellent example of teleology is the different types of teeth organisms have. Crocodiles have sharp teeth, while humans have different types of teeth to feed on various foods. Accordingly, teeth possess the power to crush food and bones while eating.
References
Rooney, J., 2013. Evolutionary Biology and Classical Teleological Arguments for God’s Existence. The Heythrop Journal, 54(4), pp.617-630.
Youtube.com. 2008. Army of Sea Urchins? | Planet Earth | BBC (3:49). [online] Available at: <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3W4OCnHyCs&t=229s>
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Question 
Watch the following video:
Army of Sea Urchins? | Planet Earth | BBC (3:49)
Youtube video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D3W4OCnHyCs&t=229s
Describe how the objects and events are interconnected. How would Paley and other fans of the teleological argument explain this?
Interconnections in Nature- Insights from the Teleological Argument and Design Examples
Give an example of something else (from nature, but not from this video) that appears to operate according to a design.