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Inductive Generalization and Statistical Syllogism

Inductive Generalization and Statistical Syllogism

Inductive generalization

Inductive generalization entails reasoning from instances. Inductive reasoning based on what is acknowledged develops new information. The correct way to generate inductive generalization is to ensure the claim satisfies both the correct arrangement and overall evidence conditions.

Deforestation and forest degradation account for about 17% of global carbon dioxide emissions.

Therefore, deforestation and degradation cause carbon dioxide emissions.

Inductive generalization relies on probabilities or observations. However, this reasoning does not necessarily make the claim and conclusion factual.

Statistical syllogism

Statistical syllogism is a non-deductive syllogism that applies inductive reasoning from a generalization true for the substantial section of a specific case. The premises may utilize qualifying words such as “rarely” and “frequently” or demonstrate statistical generalization as one or both of their premises.

From 2015 to 2017, 26 of 38 developing nations had submitted reference levels.

Kenya is a developing country.

 Kenya has submitted reference levels.

The first premise is a generalization, and the claim tries to draw a conclusion from the generalization. The overall argument demonstrates that the syllogism is inductive. Therefore, when assessing this type of claim, the writer should be careful to emphasize how strong or weak it is, in addition to other induction rules.

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Question 


Unit 4 Discussion Assignment

Climate Change or Fake Science?

Global climate change is now affecting every country on every continent. Many believe that it is disrupting national economies and negatively affecting people’s livelihoods. For this assignment, you will review a UN Climate Change Annual Report and State of Climate Highlights, and then practice your critical thinking skills by reconstructing arguments that employ inductive generalizations and statistical syllogisms using data from these reports.

Inductive Generalization and Statistical Syllogism

Step 1: Read the following reports and take some notes.

Step 2: Compose and post your response to the following prompts:

Does it satisfy the criteria? Explain why.

Step 3: Peer Response — Is climate change “fake” science? Is climate change just a hoax?

You’ve probably heard some opinions that climate change is nothing but a hoax based on “fake” science. Before you respond to your classmates in this Discussion Forum, read a few of these views and then attempt to detect some habits of good and bad thinking within them. Here are several samples — or find your own (there are many out there!):

https://calthomas.com/columns/climate-change-hoax-exposed https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming_conspiracy_theory

Step 4: Once you’ve perused these articles, do the following in your responses to other students:

Bad Habits of Thinking:

Good Habits of Critical Thinking

Bad Questions:

Good Questions:

Recommendations for Success and Grading Criteria

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