H Pylori Infection
Diagnosis
An H. Pylori infection can be diagnosed through a urea breath test, stool antigen test, or a blood antibody test.
A more detailed confirmatory diagnosis can be through a biopsy of the stomach lining. Do you need help with your assignment ? Contact us at eminencepapers.com.
First-line treatment- name of medication, dosage, frequency
The first-line treatment for H. Pylori infection is the Clarithromycin triple. It combines antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). The major drug is Clarithromycin.
Dosage and frequency: Clarithromycin is taken 500mg twice daily for a period of 14 days in combination with amoxicillin 1000mg twice daily and a PPI, mostly omeprazole, at a rate of 20mg twice daily for 14 days.
Classification of the drug
The medications in the Clarithromycin triple are classified as macrolide antibiotics for the clarithromycin part (Patel & Hashmi, 2023), amino-penicillin antibiotic for the amoxicillin part (Akhavan et al., 2022), and a proton pump inhibitor (PPIs) for the omeprazole part (Shah & Gossman, 2023).
Mechanism of Action
As a macrolide antibiotic, Clarithromycin inhibits the synthesis of bacterial proteins, causing the bacteria to die (Patel & Hashmi, 2023). Amoxicillin, a penicillin antibiotic, prevents the development of the bacteria’s cell walls by activating autolytic enzymes in the bacterial cell wall, hence destroying the bacterial cell (Akhavan et al., 2022). On the other hand, omeprazole, a PPI, works by reducing the production of acid in the stomach, making it less favorable for H. Pylori (Shah & Gossman, 2023).
Three to five more common side effects of the drug
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Abdominal pain
A metallic taste in the mouth
Three to five most serious side effects
Severe allergic reactions (Patel & Hashmi, 2023)
Liver problems (Patel & Hashmi, 2023)
Severe diarrhoea due to a possible Clostridium difficile infection (Patel & Hashmi, 2023)
Contraindications for the drug
The Clarithromycin triple, especially Clarithromycin, is contraindicated for people with an allergy to macrolide and those with liver and/or kidney problems.
Patients using medications such as statins are advised to avoid Clarithromycin.
Labs/tests needed and frequency of the tests
A urea breath and stool antigen test is recommended for H. pyri.
After completing the 14-day regimen, a confirmatory test, mostly using a biopsy of the stomach wall, is recommended within 4 to 6 weeks.
List three to five patient teaching essentials.
The possible lifestyle modification to support treatment and avoid future infections
The need to complete the full treatment regimen
The need for follow-up tests after completion of the treatment regimen
The possible side effects of the treatment regimen
Is this medication on the BEERS Criteria list, and if so, what is the recommendation?
Clarithromycin is included in the BEERS Criteria list.
It is identified as a medication with potential negative cardiovascular outcomes in potentially older adults, and recommendations are made to consider alternatives in the case of older patients or patients with related risk factors.
Does your state Medicaid pay for this drug?
Medicaid covers medications in the clarithromycin triple based on the type of coverage and eligibility.
Identify the cost of this drug in Good Rx. Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin, and Omeprazole costs range from $22.49 to $40 for each drug, depending on the pharmacy and location, as per Good Rx. Does Good Rx offer a discount on this drug?
Good Rx offers discounts or coupons for Clarithromycin and other drugs in the Clarithromycin triple, with the discount for Clarithromycin going up to 79% of the actual costs. Does the manufacturer of the drug have an indigent plan for this drug?
Plans to support those who cannot afford Clarithromycin may vary across manufacturers and available plans in the U.S
References
Akhavan, B. J., Khanna, N. R., & Vijhani, P. (2022). Amoxicillin. Helicobacter Pylori, 387–396. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-706-2_37
Patel, P. H., & Hashmi, M. F. (2023). Macrolides. StatPearls. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551495/
Shah, N., & Gossman, W. (2023). Omeprazole. Profiles of Drug Substances, Excipients, and Related Methodology, 35, 151–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1871-5125(10)35004-7
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Question 
Each group member needs to select one topic from the list below and answer the items. Each topic can only be used once so you will need to review the posts of your peers to verify which topics have been chosen. The original post should occur within 3 days of the assignment as identified on your course calendar. Refer to the grading rubric attached to see how you will be evaluated.
You should use your textbook and experts related to your topic such as the American Heart Association.
Topics to choose from:
• Chronic Kidney Disease
• Pancreatitis
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome
⚫ H’Pylori Infection
• Constipation
• Nausea and Vomiting
Items to include in your initial discussion post about your “chosen topic.” This post should be in numbered format with lists put in bullet format and concise. 1. Diagnosis
First-line treatment- name of medication, dosage, frequency
Classification of the drug
Mechanism of Action
Three to five more common side effects of the drug
Three to five most serious side effects
Contraindications for the drug
Labs/tests needed and frequency of the tests
List three to five patient teaching essentials
Is this medication on the BEERS Criteria list and if so, what is the recommendation?
Does your state Medicaid pay for this drug?
Identify the cost of this drug in Good Rx?
Does Good Rx have a discount for this drug?
Does the manufacturer of the drug have an indigent plan for this drug?
Reference
Response posts (responses to at least two of your classmates) should address one of the following:
• Another medication that can be used for the treatment- include dose and frequency, drug classification, and special considerations.
• For one of the medications listed for a certain diagnosis, list another therapeutic reason this dru