Evidence-Based Screening and Health Promotion for Diabetes Management in Primary Care
Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic ailment globally, impacting millions of people and implying great difficulties to health systems. Primary care is vital for diabetes management as diabetes is widespread, and it has a high chance of complications. Employing evidence-based practice (EBP) is pivotal to providing high-quality care and health promotion services to patients with diabetes (Goyal et al., 2021). This article explores the screenings that are crucial in the primary care setting to ensure that patients with diabetes are getting the necessary care and health promotions based on evidence-based guidelines and recommendations.
To begin with, the embodiment of diabetes management in primary care starts with the appropriate and timely screening, as indicated by (Duan et al., 2021). The American Diabetes Association recommends screening for type 2 diabetes in asymptomatic adults who are overweight or obese and have one or more of the additional risk factors, including a sedentary lifestyle, a history of gestational diabetes, a family history of the disease, or an ancestry that predisposes them to the disease. The best screening methods include the oral glucose tolerance test, hemoglobin A1c values, and fasting plasma glucose. Moreover, the American Diabetes Association recommends screening every three years for those with normal results and yearly for the ones with prediabetes (American Diabetes Association, 2022).
Consistently, a detailed assessment is essential for the treatment to become personalized following an initial screening. This evaluation should incorporate both the medical history, the patient’s lifestyle habits, the psychosocial aspects, and the comorbidities (ElSayed et al., 2022). Emphasis should be laid on the identification of reversible risk factors like unhealthy diet, inactive lifestyle, smoking, and insufficient treatment compliance. These factors can be effectively targeted through patient education, counseling, and behavior modification interventions, which in turn, could lead to improved diabetes management outcomes such as glycemic control, weight management, and reduction of cardiovascular risk.
Further, Kumar et al., 2022) assert that health promotion is a significant factor as it allows patients with diabetes to get actively involved in self-care and adopt healthy lifestyles. EBP mostly revolves around embedding health promotion interventions into clinical engagements to make the education of patients, self-management support, and shared decision-making possible. This may comprise giving nutrition advice, encouraging regular physical exercise, helping people to quit smoking, and providing psychosocial support services. Additionally, technologies like mobile health applications and telemedicine enable health promotion interventions to be accessible and effective both for patients in remote areas and underserved places as indicated by (Haleem et al., 2021).
Furthermore, one of the key aspects of diabetes management is to regularly track disease progression, therapy response, and patients’ adherence to therapeutic regimens with appropriate monitoring and follow-up. According to the evidence-based guidelines, periodic checking of glycemic control, blood pressure, lipid profile, renal function, etc. should be done to shorten the development of complications at the early stage (ADA, 2019). As a result, organized follow-up visits are beneficial not just for providing a way to engage, re-educate, and reinforce self-management skills but also to review and revise the treatment plan based on individual characteristics and preferences.
In conclusion, the key to diabetes care in a primary care setting is an evidence-based approach, which helps patients to have full and effective management of disease, including appropriate screening, comprehensive assessment, health promotion, and monitoring. When evidence-based guidelines and recommendations are combined with clinical practice, healthcare providers are led to deliver the best results in terms of patient outcomes, quality of life, and mortality and morbidity caused by the condition of diabetes. Clinical cooperation between healthcare providers, patients, and communities becomes the major determinant for the achievement of the goals of diabetes care and long-lasting, healthy living.
References
ADA. (2019). Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2019 Abridged for Primary Care Providers. Clinical Diabetes, 37(1), 11–34. https://doi.org/10.2337/cd18-0105
American Diabetes Association. (2022). Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2022. Diabetes Care, 45(Supplement_1), S17–S38. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc22-s002
Duan, D., Kengne, A. P., & Echouffo-Tcheugui, J. B. (2021). Screening for Diabetes and Prediabetes and their Prediction. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America, 50(3), 369–385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecl.2021.05.002
ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Aroda, V. R., Bannuru, R. R., Brown, F. M., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Hilliard, M. E., Isaacs, D., Johnson, E. L., Kahan, S., Khunti, K., Leon, J., Lyons, S. K., Perry, M. L., Prahalad, P., Pratley, R. E., Seley, J. J., Stanton, R. C., & Gabbay, R. A. (2022). Improving care and promoting health in populations: Standards of care in diabetes—2023. Diabetes Care, 46(Supplement_1), S10–S18. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc23-s001
Goyal, R., Jialal, I., & Castano, M. (2021). Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (Nursing). PubMed; StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK568737/
Haleem, A., Javaid, M., Singh, R. P., & Suman, R. (2021). Telemedicine for healthcare: Capabilities, features, barriers, and applications. Sensors International, 2(2), 100117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sintl.2021.100117
Kumar, R., Rehman, S., Baloch, G. M., Vankwani, M., Somrongthong, R., & Pongpanich, S. (2022). Effectiveness of health education intervention on diabetes mellitus among the teachers working in public sector schools of Pakistan. BMC Endocrine Disorders, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-022-01110-7
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Question 
Diabetes is a common illness seen in primary care.
Evidence-Based Screening and Health Promotion for Diabetes Management in Primary Care
Using evidence-based practice, what screening would you need to make to ensure these patients are getting adequate care and health promotion?