Disparities in Healthcare Access
A research critique is crucial because it enables the identification of the strengths and weaknesses of an article. This guides a researcher in determining the relevance of the articles in the specific topic of study. This critique evaluates two quantitative research articles to assess different aspects of the selected studies. A summary of the studies will be provided, and the study’s relevance to the nursing practice issue identified. Furthermore, this paper will describe the methods and the findings of each of the studies and compare the outcomes of the articles with those of my PICOT question.
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Background of the Study
The first article is authored by Tong et al. (2020). The authors aimed to pinpoint the barriers to embracing telemedicine by non-Hispanic blacks, panic, and Latinos. Furthermore, they sought to identify their perception of telemedicine. The clinical problem is racial discrimination to access proper health care. The non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, and Latinos are most likely to have limited knowledge concerning their disease process (Tong et al., 2020). This significantly affects their willingness to embrace telemedicine and other current technological advances. This is relevant in nursing practice. Enablers of not embracing telemedicine are identified. Nursing personnel should be actively involved in patient education on the importance of telemedicine and ensure that it is fully implemented.
According to Tong et al. (2020) their study aims to determine the factors that hinder the interest and willingness to participate in telemedicine among Hispanics, Latinos, and blacks. The study’s first objective is to evaluate patients’ reasons for minimal participation in the clinical trial involving telehealth. The second objective is to determine the patient’s reasons for premature study termination and diminished compliance with the study protocol of the clinical trial involving telehealth. Three study questions can be formulated: What are the reasons for the reduced participation of Black and Hispanic patients in the telehealth clinical trial? What are the grounds for the untimely termination of participation by black and Hispanic patients in the clinical trial involving telehealth? What are the reasons for diminished compliance with the study protocol in the ongoing telehealth clinical trial?
The second article is authored by Mann-Jackson et al. (2018). The authors aimed to determine the impact of discrimination, racial violence, and the Immigration law on the health of Latinos. The focus is on Latinos who occupy new settlements. The authors report that racial discrimination is a crucial enabler of disparities in access to health care services. This is relevant to nursing practice because they can focus on the advocacy for policies that ensure equitable distribution and access to health care services. By so doing, they ensure that all Americans, regardless of their racial or ethnic background, have full access to healthcare services that fulfill their needs.
According to Mann-Jackson et al. (2018), the purpose of their research article is to evaluate the experiences of Latino men concerning discrimination, violence, and their legal status as immigrants to access health care services. Two objectives can be formulated from the article. The first objective is to determine the impact of discrimination, violence, and legal status on access to health care services. The second objective is to determine the strategies that can be used to minimize health disparities in the Latino population. Two research questions can be formulated. What measures should be adopted to ensure Latinos can access affordable healthcare services easily? How do discrimination, violence, and legal status affect access to health care services by Latinos
How the Articles Support the Nursing Issue
The clinical problem is racial discrimination to access proper health care, nutritional, and holistic healthcare services. My PICOT question: Among the ethnic minority population, do culturally appropriate care-based interventions versus traditional approaches reduce discrepancies in access to health care services after six months? The two articles will be used to answer the PICOT question. The articles identify significant disparities in the ethnic minority population’s access to health care services. Mann-Jackson et al. (2018) reported that Latinos face discrimination and violence.
Furthermore, their legal status in the USA can limit their access to affordable healthcare services. According to Tong et al. (2020), minority blacks and Hispanics are likely to have limited knowledge about healthcare services. This influences their ability to embrace telemedicine. All stakeholders should adopt favorable policies promoting health equity, including nurses and legislatures.
The authors of the articles used the ethnic minority population as the target group, while the native population was the comparison group. The authors propose different interventions. The etiology of existing discrimination and violence towards ethnic minority groups should be addressed to ensure equitable access to healthcare services (Mann-Jackson et al., 2018). Patient factors should be addressed to ensure that telemedicine is fully embraced (Tong et al., 2020). The interventions and comparison group of the articles are harmonious with those of my PICOT question.
Method of Study
The article by Tong et al. (2020) used a cross-sectional study design. Cross-sectional studies focus on data collection at a specific point in time. Structured questionnaires were used to guide data collection. Mann-Jackson et al. (2018) used a cohort study where participants were interviewed, and a representative sample of participants followed up after some time to provide additional information. Cohort studies aim at data collection over a protracted timeframe.
According to Thomas (2020), cross-sectional studies have the advantage of timely data collection because they focus on a specific point in time. Their demerit is the inability to establish a cause-effect relationship. Cohort studies can establish a cause-effect relationship because they are conducted over a long period (Barrett & Noble, 2019). Cohort studies are expensive and time-consuming compared to cross-sectional studies.
Results of the study
The study by Mann-Jackson et al. (2018) used a sample size of 247 participants. 22% of the participants had attained educational status above high school, whereas 78% attained below high school. Approximately 55% of the population reported having experienced unfair treatment when accessing health care services. About 41% of the respondents reported racial discrimination and violence in an attempt to seek health care services. About 44 percent of the respondents had been questioned about their legal status. Approximately 56% and 48% reported binge drinking within the past 30 days and seven days, respectively.
Tong et al. (2020) used a sample size of 8 respondents. Findings indicate that 47% of participants were interested in the telehealth clinical trial. 33% reported inconveniences as the reasons for premature withdrawal from the clinical trial. 13% and 7 % reported a lack of beneficial impact and unawareness of their diagnosis, respectively, as the reasons for diminished enrollment and untimely withdrawal from the clinical trial. 7% of the respondents reported the ability to be fully dedicated to the study.
The articles identify significant disparities in the ethnic minority population’s access to health care services. The legal status of immigrants plays a crucial role in determining access to health care services. Ethnic minority populations face discrimination and lack sufficient information concerning their health status. This information should shift the focus of nursing practice towards the advocacy for policies that ensure equitable distribution and access to health care services. They should intensify primary health care services and screening programs to promote timely diagnosis. This enables the ethnic minority to know their health status and seek appropriate care.
Outcome Comparison
My PICOT question aims to reduce health discrepancies among the ethnic minority population after six months of necessary interventions. The intervention is the adoption of culturally appropriate care-based interventions. The two articles identified the existence of health disparities among this population. Proposed measures to reduce the discrepancies are addressing the etiology of existing discrimination and violence towards the ethnic minority group and addressing individualized patient factors. These findings will be complementary to my intervention toward achieving the desired outcome.
References
Barrett D, Noble H. (2019). What are Cohort Studies? Evidence-Based Nursing 2019;22:95-96. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-4219
Mann-Jackson, L., Song, E. Y., Tanner, A. E., Alonzo, J., Linton, J. M., & Rhodes, S. D. (2018). The Health Impact of Experiences of Discrimination, Violence, and Immigration Enforcement Among Latino Men in a New Settlement State. American Journal of Men’s Health, 12(6), 1937–1947. https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988318785091
Thomas, L. (2020). Cross-Sectional Study | Definitions, Uses & Examples. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/cross-sectional study/#:~:text=Longitudinal%20studies%20and%20cross%2Dsectional,an%20extended%20period%20of%20time.
Tong, T., Myers, A. K., Bissoonauth, A. A., Pekmezaris, R., & Kozikowski, A. (2020). Identifying the Barriers and Perceptions of Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic/Latino Persons with Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes for Participation in a Home Telemonitoring Feasibility Study: A Quantitative Analysis of Those who Declined Participation, Withdrew or were Non-Adherent. Ethnicity and Health, 25(4), 485–494. https://doi.org/10.1080/13557858.2019.1566520
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Question 
Write a critical appraisal that demonstrates comprehension of two quantitative research studies. Use the “Research Critique Guidelines – Part II” document to organize your essay. Completing this assignment requires you to provide a rationale, include examples, and reference content from the study in your responses.
Disparities in Healthcare Access
To complete this assignment, use the practice problem and two quantitative, peer-reviewed research articles you identified in the Topic 1 assignment.
In a 1,000–1,250 word essay, summarize two quantitative studies, explain how the findings might be used in nursing practice, and address ethical considerations associated with the conduct of the study.
You must cite at least three peer-reviewed sources to complete this assignment. References must be published within the last five years, appropriate for the assignment criteria, and relevant to nursing practice.