Comprehensive Health Promotion Plan to Address Heart Disease in the Community
This health promotion plan focuses on urban adults aged 40-65 years, a group with a high risk of heart disease as a result of the high levels of sedentary lifestyles, poor dietary choices, and high-stress levels rampant in the urban environment. Characterized by varying occupations and socioeconomic statuses, this group has specific issues in acquiring healthcare and applying healthy behaviours. The goal of the interventions that are tailored to address these underlying factors is to help people of this age group take action and improve their heart health as well as their overall well-being through collaborative efforts.
Analyzing the Health Concern: Heart Disease
The prevalence of heart disease is, to a great extent, a public health hazard, and it is responsible for high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While addressing this health promotion plan, there are a few underlying assumptions and uncertainties that require deep consideration. Suppositions include knowing that heart disease is multifaceted, being a product of a combination of genetic predisposition, lifestyle factors, and environmental influences (World Health Organization, 2021). Disputes may surface concerning the efficacy of specific interventions, especially in changing individual behaviours and, ultimately, the level of disease burden. Moreover, the effects of socioeconomic inequality, access to healthcare services, and cultural beliefs among diverse populations might increase the complexity of addressing heart diseases.
Underlying Assumptions and Uncertainties
Underlying Assumptions
Lifestyles, such as eating habits, exercise patterns, and stress levels, are considered the major determinants of heart disease occurrence. Genetic factors are taken into account in determining an individual’s susceptibility to heart disease, which could be interacting with their lifestyle choices. Delivery of health care services, which consist of preventive approaches and various treatment options, is expected to impact heart disease prevention and outcomes (Sharifi-Rad et al., 2020). Beyond this, it is assumed that an individual’s level of health literacy will determine their ability to understand the risks of heart disease and the available preventive measures. Social determinants of health, which not only include socioeconomic status but also community resources, are assumed to cause inequalities in heart health.
Points of Uncertainty
Nonetheless, the effectiveness of certain measures like lifestyle modifications, medication compliance, and behavioural therapy in both preventing and managing heart disease is hard to determine. It is not clear to what extent genetic predisposition, socioeconomic status, and cultural factors determine an individual’s response to intervention. Moreover, there is uncertainty regarding the long-term consequences of interventions, such as sustainability and impact on morbidity and mortality arising from heart diseases. Further, there is a lack of clarity about to what extent health promotion interventions tackle heart disease disparities connected with underserved groups. Furthermore, the uncertainty of which risk factors for heart disease may arise in the future and their relevance for different populations also poses a challenge in terms of prevention strategies (Ghodeshwar, 2023).
Examining Current Population Health Data among Urban Adults
Heart disease has become the leading cause of health problems in large cities among adults in the 40-65 years age group. According to the existing population health data for this group, heart disease has had a profound impact on this population. Within the urban environment, heart diseases make up about 25% of adults who reported non-communicable diseases between 40 and 65 years, a significant health burden (Niakouei et al., 2020). Similarly, the rate of heart condition diagnoses in this population is about 18%, implying the importance of quickly addressing this problem (Rezaianzadeh et al., 2023). Also, mortality data reflect the severity of heart disease as cardiovascular complications, such as heart attacks and stroke, account for about 30% of the deaths in this group (Rezaianzadeh et al., 2023). These data show the necessity for a health promotion strategy focused on heart disease prevention and control among the urban population.
Factors Contributing to Health, Disparities, and Access to Services
Health Disparities
Among urban adults aged 40-65, a specific socioeconomic status develops great health disparities. Lower-income individuals are faced with obstacles like poverty and inadequate information on preventive care. Racial and ethnic minorities experience systemic discrimination in health care and equal service limitations in access. These promote unequal health outcomes; thus, treatment should be directed toward the reduction of socioeconomic inequalities.
Access to Healthcare Services
The healthcare status in this demographic is affected by the patient’s geographic location and their socioeconomic status. Inadequate distribution of healthcare and lack of access to healthcare workers contribute to these inequalities. Living in poverty means individuals cannot afford access to care due to limited insurance coverage and affordability. These matters must be mitigated in order to achieve health equity among city dwellers.
Establishing SMART Health Goals for Urban Adults Aged 40 to 60
Goal 1: Increase Knowledge about Heart Disease
Objective
By the end of the educational session, participants will be able to identify three major risk factors for heart disease relevant to their urban demographic.
SMART Goal
By the end of the session, 80% of participants from the urban demographic will correctly identify three major risk factors for heart disease prevalent in urban settings, as assessed by a pre- and post-session quiz.
Goal 2: Promote Adoption of Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors
Objective
Participants will develop personalized action plans to incorporate healthy lifestyle behaviours tailored to their urban living conditions.
SMART Goal
Within one month following the session, 70% of participants from the urban demographic will report incorporating at least two healthy lifestyle behaviours suited to urban living, such as physical activity routines that accommodate urban environments and healthy eating habits feasible in urban settings, as evidenced by self-reported behaviour logs.
Goal 3: Enhance Self-Efficacy in Health Management
Objective
Participants will demonstrate improved confidence in managing their heart health, considering the challenges and resources available in urban environments.
SMART Goal
By the end of the session, 90% of participants from the urban demographic will express increased confidence in managing their heart health in an urban context, as measured by a pre-and post-session self-efficacy survey tailored to urban living conditions.
Goal 4: Foster Regular Health Monitoring
Objective
Participants will commit to regular health monitoring, acknowledging the accessibility and barriers to healthcare services in urban areas.
SMART Goal
Within three months following the session, 80% of participants from the urban demographic will schedule and attend an annual check-up with their healthcare provider, considering urban healthcare access challenges, as documented by appointment records.
Goal 5: Cultivate Supportive Social Networks
Objective
Participants will engage in community support networks tailored to urban living, recognizing the importance of social support in navigating urban health challenges.
SMART Goal
Within six months following the session, 60% of participants from the urban demographic will actively participate in a community-based heart health support group or online forum specifically tailored to urban residents, as evidenced by attendance records or online engagement metrics.
Importance of Establishing Agreed-Upon Health Goals
The development of the goals in the field of health in cooperation with the hypothetical participants is a component that has different purposes. First, it creates a feeling of ownership and determines the engagement of the participants in the sphere of their health transformation. When individuals partake in setting their health goals, they tend to be more motivated and engaged, in doing so, they can achieve their health goals more efficiently. This cooperation encourages people to deal with health issues themselves, which makes these goals more effective as they closely focus on an individual’s personal situation and goals (Pratt, 2019).
Furthermore, adopting uniform health objectives provides room for personal and appropriate interventions that take into account the peculiar interests of individuals. Health targets that are tailored and goal-oriented in accordance with the values, needs, and capabilities of an individual stand a better chance of being reached in the long run and be sustainable. When healthcare providers engage participants in goal-setting, the interventions are designed to adhere to contextual, cultural, and social needs, which, in turn, results in their effectiveness and community acceptance.
Moreover, collaboration in intervention plans fosters responsibility and ensures compliance with the prescribed regimens. The fact that the participants involve themselves materially in setting achievable goals gives them a stronger reason for seeing them through to completion (Leask et al., 2019). These accountabilities create a collaborative partnership between healthcare professionals and participants. Thus, better compliance and treatment, lifestyle modifications, and self-care are experienced. Finally, by setting clear goals in a realistic manner, both healthcare service providers and the participants can bring a positive change to the effectiveness of health promotion, which in turn encourages better health and well-being in the community.
References
Ghodeshwar, G. K. (2023). Impact of lifestyle modifications on cardiovascular health: A narrative review. Cureus, 15(7). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.42616
Leask, C. F., Sandlund, M., Skelton, D. A., Altenburg, T. M., Cardon, G., Chinapaw, M. J. M., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., Verloigne, M., & Chastin, S. F. M. (2019). Framework, principles and recommendations for utilising participatory methodologies in the co-creation and evaluation of public health interventions. Research Involvement and Engagement, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40900-018-0136-9
Niakouei, A., Tehrani, M., & Fulton, L. (2020). Health Disparities and Cardiovascular Disease. Healthcare, 8(1), 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare8010065
Pratt, B. (2019). Inclusion of Marginalized Groups and Communities in Global Health Research Priority-Setting. Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics, 14(2), 169–181. https://doi.org/10.1177/1556264619833858
Rezaianzadeh, A., Moftakhar, L., Seif, M., Johari, M. G., Hosseini, S. V., & Dehghani, S. S. (2023). Incidence and risk factors of cardiovascular disease among population aged 40–70 years: A population-based cohort study in the South of Iran. Tropical Medicine and Health, 51(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-023-00527-7
Sharifi-Rad, J., Rodrigues, C. F., Sharopov, F., Docea, A. O., Can Karaca, A., Sharifi-Rad, M., Kahveci Karıncaoglu, D., Gülseren, G., Şenol, E., Demircan, E., Taheri, Y., Suleria, H. A. R., Özçelik, B., Nur Kasapoğlu, K., Gültekin-Özgüven, M., Daşkaya-Dikmen, C., Cho, W. C., Martins, N., & Calina, D. (2020). Diet, Lifestyle and Cardiovascular Diseases: Linking Pathophysiology to Cardioprotective Effects of Natural Bioactive Compounds. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7), 2326. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072326
World Health Organization. (2021, June 11). Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). World Health Organization; World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)
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Question 
Develop a hypothetical health promotion plan, 3-4 pages in length, addressing a specific health concern for an individual or a group living in the community.
Comprehensive Health Promotion Plan to Address Heart Disease in the Community
To prepare for this assessment, first select a health concern or health need from the Assessment 01 Supplement: Health Promotion Plan [PDF] Download Assessment 01 Supplement: Health Promotion Plan [PDF]resource.
- Consider the populations potentially affected by that concern or health need, and hypothetical individuals or groups living in the community.
- Then investigate your chosen concern or need and best practices for health improvement, based on supporting evidence.