Comparing Depression, Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder, and Bipolar I Disorder- Commonalities, Differences, and Cultural Considerations in Assessment and Treatment
Depression is a mood disorder that portrays consistent feelings of loss of interest and sadness. This disorder is chronic and is included in the Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM). Secondly, depressive disorders are classified into major depressive disorders, disruptive mood dysregulation, dysthymia, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Thirdly, Bipolar 1 disorder is a mood disorder characterized by manic episodes that last several days or severe manic symptoms that often require hospitalization. Bipolar 1 disorder is also accompanied by depressive symptoms that may last up to two weeks. Depression in Bipolar 1 disorder exhibits mixed features, with both manic and depressive symptoms co-occurring.
Depression, disruptive mood disorders, and Bipolar 1 disorder are all recognized and listed in the DSM 5. Significant morbidity has been realized in all three listed disorders. All of these disorders are chronic and often require therapy with drugs. Non-pharmacological therapy utilizing psychotherapy has also produced beneficial effects, especially when used in combination with drugs.
Several differences exist between depression, disruptive mood disorders, and Bipolar 1 disorder. Whereas Bipolar 1 and depressive disorders are common diagnoses in adulthood, disruptive mood disorder is common in children and adolescents and not in adults. Disruptive mood disorder diagnosis is never made beyond 18 years and before 6 years of age (Krain et al., 2014). This disorder is characterized by intense and frequent outbursts of temper, anger, and ongoing irritability. This disorder is a new classification under the DSM.
Bipolar 1 disorder is a multiphase disorder often shifting from depressive and manic phases, while disruptive mood disorder and depression are unipolar. Bipolar 1 disorder presents with both symptoms of mania and depression. The manic phase is characterized by irritability, easy distractibility, delusion, and euphoria, among other features (Bobo, 2017). The depressive phase, on the other hand, presents with symptoms of sadness and loss of interest and is similar to those seen in a depressive major.
Depression differs from disruptive mood disorder and Bipolar 1 disorder in that it lacks the anxiety symptoms experienced in bipolar and disruptive mood disorders. Accordingly, depressive symptoms are characterized by a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest. Additionally, suicidal ideation and tendencies are common in depression and have been implicated in mortalities realized from depression. The manic phase of Bipolar 1 disorder and disruptive mood disorders often present with anxiety symptoms such as irritability, feelings of anger, and restlessness.
Cultural differences present specific complications in handling and managing patients with mental disorders. These issues include differences in perception of mental disorders across cultures, treatment-seeking patterns, and practitioner and consumer attitudes during therapy. Clinicians should be able to identify and embrace the cultural differences that may exist between them and their patients. Additionally, they should understand the cultural constructs of their patients and be ready to conform to the direction provided by these cultural constructs as directed by the patients. In all cases, patients maintain autonomy in clinical decisions regarding their health. Therefore, the clinicians should work in concert with them toward the realization of optimal therapeutic outcomes.
References
Bobo, W. (2017). The Diagnosis and Management of Bipolar I and II Disorders: Clinical Practice Update. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 92(10), 1532-1551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.06.022
Krain Roy, A., Lopes, V., & Klein, R. G. (2014). Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder: A new diagnostic approach to chronic irritability in youth. https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ajp.2014.13101301
Major Depressive Disorder. DSM 5. https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.dsm04#
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Question 
Write a discussion post that compares and contrasts Depression, Disruptive Mood Disorder, and Bipolar I Disorder. Be sure to address each of the following points:
Comparing Depression, Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder, and Bipolar I Disorder- Commonalities, Differences, and Cultural Considerations in Assessment and Treatment
Determine what each of these disorders has in common.
Identify the differences among these disorders.
Discuss any cultural issues clinicians should consider when they assess and treat these disorders.
Length: 350-500 words
Your response should demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the ideas and concepts presented in the course by providing new thoughts and insights relating directly to this topic. It should also reflect scholarly writing and current APA standards.