Biopsychosocial-Spiritual Framework
The biopsychosocial-spiritual model is a model that holistically views a human being as it focuses on all dimensions of one’s biological, social, psychological, and spiritual aspects. The spiritual aspect was recently added, though with a heated debate on its applicability due to the varying meanings of spirituality, but scholars believe that spirituality plays an integral role in people’s health and should be included in the model (Saad, De Medeiros & Mosini, 2017). Therefore, this would mean that even the definition of health would be a state of utter physical, mental, social, and spiritual well-being and not just the lack of infirmity or disease.
Dealing with the problem of homelessness should involve the use of the biopsychosocial-spiritual framework. This framework strives to ensure that individuals are restored holistically, even if this restoration cannot be perfect (Lehman, David & Gruber, 2017). While dealing with the homeless population, it might be impossible to ensure an utter restoration of their health due to some permanent damages that might have been caused while being homeless. For instance, the homeless tend to have chronic conditions and are vulnerable to unintentional injuries that might cause mortality or morbidity. They are also prone to musculoskeletal disorders as well as chronic pain, poor nutrition, dental problems, isolation from the general population, and various mental health problems (Woolley, 2015). To the best extent possible, it would be important to try and restore the physical, social, psychological, and spiritual aspects of the homeless population to deal with such problems.
This model believes that every person has a spiritual history, and this tends to unfold in the context of one’s religious tradition. Regardless of how this unfolds, one’s spiritual history tends to shape them as a whole person, and when a problem such as a life-threatening problem or a devastating issue like homelessness strikes, it tends to strike the person in totality (Sulmasy, 2002). This means that while dealing with the homeless population, it would be important to focus on restoring their social, physical, psychological, and spiritual aspects.
While dealing with the biological dynamics, it will be important to assess the physical elements of the homeless population to know how these determine and affect health. Homelessness and health have a dual relationship that can go either way. Homelessness or poverty could lead to poor health, and at the same time, health problems can lead to homelessness and poverty. Physical problems like unintentional injuries, chronic diseases like diabetes and hypertension, and sexually transmitted diseases are all problems that need to be addressed among the homeless population.
The psychological aspects include behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and attitudinal systems affecting health. Mental health can be understood in the context of coping strategies, stress appraisal, illness, depression, anxiety, and substance addiction and use (Lehman, David & Gruber, 2017). These are common factors among the homeless, particularly substance use and abuse and mental illnesses common among the homeless population, like schizophrenia (Ayano, Tesfaw & Shumet, 2019). It would be important to deal with such issues to help restore the health of the homeless population.
The social aspects involve the interpersonal contacts that help shape people’s relations and health. The homeless are often looked down upon by the general population, causing them to be violent towards them and become isolated from them. Restoration would require catering to their social aspects, like reuniting them with their families and friends. Lastly, practitioners would need to help restore the spiritual aspects of the homeless. Spirituality could be in terms of religious beliefs or relationships with family, friends, nature, arts, and music (Sulmasy, 2002). By asking politely to find out what spirituality means to the person, it will be possible to restore the person’s spirituality.
References
Ayano, G., Tesfaw, G., & Shumet, S. (2019). The prevalence of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders among homeless people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC psychiatry, 19(1), 1-14.
Lehman, B. J., David, D. M., & Gruber, J. A. (2017). Rethinking the biopsychosocial model of health: Understanding health as a dynamic system. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 11(8), e12328.
Saad, M., De Medeiros, R., & Mosini, A. C. (2017). Are we ready for a true biopsychosocial–spiritual model? The many meanings of “spiritual”. Medicines, 4(4), 79.
Sulmasy, D. P. (2002). A biopsychosocial-spiritual model for the care of patients at the end of life. The gerontologist, 42(suppl_3), 24-33.
Woolley, E. (2015). What are the top 10 health issues homeless people face? Homeless Hub. https://www.homelesshub.ca/blog/what-are-top-10-health-issues-homeless-people-face
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Question 
Students should utilize a minimum of three peer-reviewed journal articles to (a) define the biopsychosocial spiritual framework and (b) select a specific population or social issue/problem and show how an understanding of the biopsychosocial spiritual framework could be used to engage with this group.
Biopsychosocial-Spiritual Framework
Completed papers should be two pages in length (excluding title and reference pages) and demonstrate a student’s mastery of APA format/style and the ability to engage in critical thinking. Students should not use the course text to complete the assignment. In addition, students should refrain from using direct quotes.
The social problem is HOMELESSNESS.