Aviation Surface Map
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Part A
The valid time is 1800Z – 06:00 pm, and the local time is 1942Z or 07:42 pm (Lincoln, Nebraska – Central Standard Time Zone)
Part B
Sea level pressure: 1003.9 Millibars
Wind speed: 15 knots
Wind direction: Northeast winds
Air temperature: 35 degrees F (35°F)
Dew point temperature: 32 degrees F (32°F)
Surface weather: Light snow at the time of observation
Sky condition: 8/8th sky cover (overcast)
Part C
Rising Air in Lincoln, Nebraska
This dew point is close to the actual temperature. As a result, the air ends up containing more water vapour and rises. The relative humidity is almost 100 percent. Any additional cooling requires that both the air temperature and the dew point temperature drop simultaneously. Water vapour must be “squeezed” from the air to lower the dew point temperature. Enabling condensation is the single best way to do this (water vapour becomes liquid water). As a result, dew and, at times, fog occur (fog and clouds comprise microscopic droplets because water vapour is not visible).
The air is rising, as indicated by the low pressure on the map rising. Consequently, this also indicates that Lincoln, Nebraska, is situated within a low-pressure region. The pressure at the centre of a low-pressure system is lower than the pressure in the surrounding surroundings. Accordingly, winds move towards low pressure, and when they clash, air rises in the atmosphere (Ahrens & Henson, 2021). The water vapour in the air condenses as it rises, resulting in clouds and, in certain situations, precipitation. Low-pressure storm winds blow clockwise south of the equator and counterclockwise north of the equator due to the Earth’s rotation and the Coriolis Effect. Essentially, this action is known as cyclonic flow.
Sinking Air in St. George, Utah
A ridge of high pressure has formed in the region, represented by the blue H on the chart, suggesting that the air is falling. The pressure in the heart of a high-pressure system exceeds the pressure in the neighbouring regions. Winds blow away from high-pressure zones. In addition, winds in a high-pressure system blow in a clockwise direction north of the equator and a counterclockwise direction south of the equator, which is the opposite direction of winds in a low-pressure system. Essentially, this is referred to as anticyclonic flow (UCAR, 2022). Consequently, higher-altitude air falls or drops to fill the void created by outgoing air.
On the other hand, the air in St. George, Utah, is heavier than the actual temperature because the dew point is substantially lower, forcing it to sink due to a lack of water vapour. A dew point temperature that is near the actual temperature implies that the air is humid and full of water vapour. Consequently, when the dew point is substantially lower than the air temperature, the air is dry but may still hold a lot of water vapour. As a result, dew point temperatures may be used to determine how moist the air is.
References
Ahrens, C. D., & Henson, R. (2021). Meteorology today: an introduction to weather, climate, and the environment. Cengage learning.
UCAR, (2022). The Highs and Lows of Air Pressure https://scied.ucar.edu/learning-zone/how-weather-works/highs-and-lows-air-pressure
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Question 
Aviation Surface Map
For successful completion of this activity, you should first complete the Module 2 Introduction to Weather Analysis activity and quiz.
Instructions
US surface map showing temperature and wind speed.
Follow the instructions to complete part A. If needed, zoom in on the map on either this page or on the NOAA webpage (surface map (NOAA) (Links to an external site.)) for better viewing.
Part A
Provide the following information by analyzing and interpreting the surface map:
the valid time of the map
the local time in Lincoln, Nebraska (located in the Central Standard time zone) at the valid time of the map
Part B
The station model for Lincoln, Nebraska, outlined in a square on the map, is provided as a separate image here:
M2 Analyze This Lincoln Surface Weather Station Model.png
*Note that the station model code for sea level pressure has been added to the image of the station model observation (this is not included in the station model observation on the map).
Provide the following information by decoding the Lincoln, Nebraska station model (if needed, download the station model image for better viewing):
sea-level pressure* (include units)
wind speed (include units)
wind direction stated (in words) as the direction the wind is coming from (per meteorology convention)
air temperature (include units)
dew point temperature (include units)
surface weather (in words) as indicated by the surface weather symbol
sky condition (in words)
Part C
Provide the following information by analyzing and interpreting the surface map:
present at least two pieces of supporting information from the map that air above Lincoln, Nebraska (outlined in a square on the map) is rising
present at least two pieces of supporting information from the map that air above St. George, Utah (outlined in a circle on the map) is sinking