Analyzing Computer Programs
Part I
Low-level machine languages refer to programming languages that only include instructions that a computer can understand. The Low-level machine languages are written in binary digits that include either 1s or 0s (“High and Low Level Languages”, 2020). Programming in machine languages presents various challenges, such as the issue of portability. When programming with low-level machine languages, the machine languages are dependent on the machine, and this affects the portability of the programs created using the low-level machine languages. Since low-level machine languages do not require compilers or interpreters, they present challenges during the debugging process. Therefore, this leads to an increase in the likelihood of errors occurring in the programs developed using low-level machine languages. Programming using low-level languages is complex, and this presents the problem of a lot of time being taken to write the program and remove the errors that are noted in the program.
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Object-oriented programming refers to the programming paradigm that makes use of objects to organize a program. OOP provides various advantages as well as disadvantages. An example of an advantage provided by OOP includes the capability of reusing the code by using the inheritance aspect of OOP. In OOP, the attributes of a class can be inherited by the subclasses included in the program (Keogh, Giannini, & Rinaldi, 2004). Another advantage provided by OOP includes polymorphism, where a function can be used in different classes without changing the name of the function. OOP also provides the advantage of encapsulation, where bundling of the methods and data is conducted (Dai, 2019). Encapsulation provides the benefit of increasing the ease of debugging programs written in OOP languages. OOP also provides the feature of abstraction that is used to provide security for the program. OOP can also present various disadvantages, such as the large size of the programs created using the paradigm. The large size of the programs created using the OOP paradigm affects the speed of the programs when compared to other paradigms.
Part II
Flowchart to Calculate Tax
Flowchart to Calculate Time Difference
Flowchart to Calculate Age
References
Dai, R. (2019). Encapsulation and Polymorphism. In Learn Java with Math (pp. 181-183). Apress, Berkeley, CA.
High and Low Level Languages: Types, Most Popular. (2020, November 13). Retrieved January 17, 2021, from https://teachcomputerscience.com/high-low-level-languages/
Keogh, J., Giannini, M., & Rinaldi, W. (2004). OOP demystified. McGraw-Hill, Inc.
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Question 
Analyzing Computer Programs
Overview:
In this assignment, you will be analyzing simple program logic, the structure of a modular program, creating hierarchy charts, and feature of good program design.
Instructions:
Part I
- Research:
- Early programming using low-level machine languages. Explain what these languages looked like and what types of problems were encountered when using them.
- Object-oriented programming techniques. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of using object-oriented techniques.
Part II
- 1. Create either pseudocode or a flowchart for a program that does the following:
- a) Prompt the user to enter a sales tax rate.
- b) Prompt the user to enter a price.
Analyzing Computer Programs
- c) Calculate and output the amount of tax for the item and the total price with tax.
- 2. Create either pseudocode or a flowchart for a program that does the following:
- a) Prompt the user to enter two times of day in HH:MM format, and then calculate and print the difference between those two times in minutes.
- 3. Create either pseudocode or a flowchart for a program that does the following:
- a) Prompt the user to enter his or her birthdate: year, month, and day.
- b) Calculate the number of days old the user is. (You can decide to include or ignore leap years.)
- c) Modify the program to include the number of hours old the user is.
- d) Modify the program to include the number of minutes old the user is.
- e) Modify the program to include the number of seconds old the user is.
Requirements:
- Show your work in a Word document.
- Include all your work for each question.
- You can include screenshots of work done on paper.
- For all justification exercises, remember to use the definitions and principles that we have learned thus far.
- You must prepare a written work where you respond to the programming exercises. The work must comply with APA academic writing standards. You must support your answer using appropriate sources that are properly cited.
- Minimum four pages in length, excluding the Title and Reference page.
- APA format, including an in-text citation for referenced works.
- At least three resources.