Adoption and How Genetic and Environmental Factors Impact Academic Achievement in Adoptive Children
The chapter entails data analysis, findings, presentation, and explanation of findings. It further discusses the hypothesis by upholding and or rejecting the null hypothesis. The main research material used in this study was the Qualtric software. Thus, this section will begin with a description of the participants in the study. It will then describe the study materials used and the procedure applied in the study. Ethical considerations that will be made in this study are also discussed herein alongside the expected results of the investigation. Our assignment writing help is at affordable prices to students of all academic levels and academic disciplines.
Description of the Participants
The survey will target 7 participants. These participants will be students from “Southern New Hampshire University and will be surveyed online. The questionnaires will be emailed to them, and they will have three days to answer and send back the answers to the survey questions. The researcher has to make the sample population as diverse as possible. Therefore, I will choose participants randomly from among my fellow classmates. There will be no age limit for these participants. However, the researcher will target those participants who have taken a survey. This is done to help the researcher have a better outcome from the interviews. With such knowledge, the participants will not need orientation. Ultimately, this choice of participants will also save time for the researcher.
Materials
When conducting a survey, one may need a team of personnel to help with the research. Thus, the researcher will need a coordinator and a secretary. The researcher will be the senior researcher responsible for the study. The essential office material will be the telephone or mobile phone, computer, Qualtrics software, and stationery. The study will be purely a survey, so the materials used will be typed questions sent through the mail (Rosnow & Rosenthal, 2013). However, the survey will be created and given to the participants through Qualtrics. Qualtrics is an online survey platform selected and authorized by the campus for this research study. This survey technology will allow the chosen participants to participate in the research efficiently. All the interview answers will be safely kept on the computer after they are received from the participants. The interviews will be informal, and the questions will be open-ended. The researcher anticipates that the data analysis process will continue throughout the study. All of the interviews sent back will be stored in computer files, and then the raw data will be fed into the SSPS.
Procedures
The following steps will characterize the procedure that will be taken in this research study. The first step will be to conduct the survey, which will get answers and opinions from the participants. The survey will be done online. After the survey, the researcher will create a unique link connected to the survey and then post it in the researcher’s survey portal on campus. This link will provide access for the selected participants to help them complete the survey questions. The participants will be required to respond to questions surrounding their school environment, such as their facilities and how they are treated at school. The participants will also be asked questions regarding their home environment, like how they are treated and their neighborhood (Rosnow & Rosenthal, 2013). On the other hand, participants will be asked for information regarding the child’s academic performance, social and motor milestones, and any other unique developments associated with cognitive and social development. The documented variables will be examined to see if the research hypothesis is acceptable.
When creating the informed consent, the researcher will create a form that provides information on the health issues that might be related to the study, the nature and purpose of the study, the expected duration, any involved experiments, and the risks involved. The firm will also contain the statement that gives them the liberty to leave or discontinue their participation in the study. As already mentioned, the survey will be online, and participants will be required to answer questions. They will submit their responses, which will be recorded.
Ethical Considerations
For starters, this study will get approval from the University authority. Secondly, since this survey will involve campus learners, the first ethical consideration is the confidentiality of data. Confidentiality will be adhered to as per section 4 Principle 1 of APA (American Psychology Association, 2017). The other ethical consideration will be the interview, especially the questions the child participant will be asked. The purpose of the study can also be a moral issue, which means that the researcher should consider seeking authorization from the parents (Rosnow & Rosenthal, 2013). The other consideration is the right of the participant not to answer a question they do not want to. The most important thing the researcher will do is protect the participants and respect their rights in the study. This will be done per sections 6, parts 1 and 2 of the APA (American Psychology Association, 2017). The researcher will ask questions that may seem personal to the participants since the study involves adoption and the child’s lifestyle (Dégeilh et al., 2019). Therefore, this ethical issue must be considered, and the researcher should allow the participant to choose not to answer some questions. The researcher will also seek consent to interview the participants. All participants will have the right not to continue the research if they feel uncomfortable or do not want to.
Data Analysis Plan
Preparing New Data
Raw data collected during the online survey will be fed into the SSPS. Every variable will be analyzed to identify descriptive data like the average and standard deviation. After collecting this descriptive data, it will be used to create a scatterplot. This step will help identify the presence of any outliers. Outliers in survey research should be addressed because they may create biased statistical results. It is important to note that in a research survey, bias should be avoided. If any outliers are identified, they will be addressed based on the quantity and severity. This information will then be presented in a scatter plot and a table for clarity.
The determination of whether there are outliers in the data will be done. The researcher will then determine if the results are normal or non-normal. This process will be significant in measuring the central tendency. The appropriate statistical procedures will be determined, thus increasing reliability and validity.
Analytic Procedures
Variables should be analyzed based on context and with the other variables as opposed to analyzing them out of isolation. For this reason, the relationship between genetics and the environment to the academic performance of adaptive children will be analyzed using the Product-Moment Correlation (r), which is the most applicable when examining the relationship between two sets of ratio data. The findings will be considered necessary if the p is less than .05 (if p<.05).
Descriptive Statistics
The descriptive statistics in this study will at least include the averages, ranges, and standard deviations for every single variable. This data will then be presented in a table form to ensure the statistics presented are clear. In addition, the statistics will be presented in a boxplot and a scatterplot. These two will be developed based on the data presented. The aim of using the scatterplot and boxplot is to ensure clarity in data presentation.
Principles and Standards
The researchers will follow the APA Code of Ethics throughout the entire research. Respect for this code of ethics will mean that the researchers will ensure they present accurate data and follow this with an accurate reporting of statistical results (American Psychological Association, 2017). Significantly, all resources will be appropriately cited. The participant’s data will be kept confidential. Only the researcher will know who participated or did not participate in the research to ensure total confidentiality. The researcher will be the only individual in the study who will keep the raw data, and they should be destroyed immediately after the PSY-520 ends. All these will be done following the APA Ethics Code to meet the ethical attributes of excellent research standards.
Results
Before the results are recorded, the viability of these results will be made possible by determining the correlation between variables. This process will be needful because it will help make predictions on future behaviors. And knowing what the future holds is important for a survey.
The researcher expects the hypothesis to be right at the end of the study. The researchers expect that there will be a significant connection between genetics as well as the environment and the academic performance of adaptive children. In other words, the researcher hopes that genetics and the environment will directly impact the performance of adopted children. If the results support the hypothesis, this study will add to the knowledge on this topic. Since this study will focus on adopted children, it will help add information on whether adoption can impact academic performance. It is expected that there will be a connection between excellent school performance and adoptive children. This will align with the other researchers’ findings that an excellent socioeconomic environment translates to better cognitive growth.
References
American Psychology Association (2017). Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. Retrieved from: https://www.apa.org/ethics/code
Dégeilh, F., Beauchamp, M. H., Leblanc, É., Daneault, V., & Bernier, A. (2019). Socioeconomic Status in Infancy and the Developing Brain: Functional Connectivity of the Hippocampus and Amygdala. Developmental Neuroscience, 41(5-6), 327–340. https://doi.org/10.1159/000507616
Rosnow, R. L., & Rosenthal, R. (2013). Beginning Behavioral Research: A Conceptual Primer (Seventh Edition). Pearson Education Inc. New York.
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The paper must be submitted as a Microsoft Word document with double spacing, 12-point Times New Roman font, and one-inch
margins. This paper should be a minimum of 4 pages (not including the cover page and references), must follow APA format, and should cite several peer-reviewed
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MUST HAVE IN-TEXT CITATIONS AND REFERENCE PAGE
Adoption and How Genetic and Environmental Factors Impact Academic Achievement in Adoptive Children
My submission should include:
• Description of the participants you plan to use in your study (you will need at least seven PSY 510 and/or PSY 520 students to respond to your survey)
• Description of the materials that will be used in the study and why they are most appropriate for your proposal
• Description of the procedures that will be used to collect data and how they will address your research question
• Discussion of any ethical concerns you can foresee with the study and steps that could be taken to remedy them
• Explanation of the procedures you plan to use to prepare your raw data for analysis
• Explanation of the analytic procedures for analyzing data and how they will help obtain valid and reliable research results
• Description of which descriptive statistics will be most informative in answering your research question and why
• Discussion of how your proposed data analysis methods are ethical, as outlined by the APA’s principles and standards
• Prediction of your expected findings or anticipated results
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RESOURCES
Amiri, E., & Karfa, A. E. (2022). The impact of learning environment on EFL students’ academic achievement: A study of socio-cultural factors affecting academic achievement. International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences 5(7S):360-369 https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/crnkq
Dégeilh, F., Beauchamp, M. H., Leblanc, É., Daneault, V., & Bernier, A. (2019). Socioeconomic Status in Infancy and the Developing Brain: Functional Connectivity of the Hippocampus and Amygdala. Developmental neuroscience, 41(5-6), 327–340. https://doi.org/10.1159/000507616
Fishbein DH, Michael L, Guthrie C, Carr C &t Raymer J (2019) Associations Between Environmental Conditions and Executive Cognitive Functioning and Behavior During Late Childhood: A Pilot Study. Front. Psychol. 10(1263) pp. 1 – 12. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01263
Li, Z., & Qiu, Z. (2018). How does family background affect children’s educational achievement? Evidence from Contemporary China. J. Chin. Social. 5(13), pp. 1 – 21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40711-018-0083-8
Ramphal, B., Whalen, D. J., Kenley, J. K., Yu, Q., Smyser, C. D., Rogers, C. E., & Sylvester, C. M. (2020). Brain connectivity and socioeconomic status at birth and externalizing symptoms at age 2 years. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 45, 100811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2020.100811
Yang, Q., Yang, J., Zheng, L., Song, W., & Yi, L. (2021). Impact of Home Parenting Environment on Cognitive and Psychomotor Development in Children Under 5 Years Old: A Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in pediatrics, 9, 658094. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.658094
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adoption and how genetics and environmental factors affect academic achievement in adopted children.
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